水肥管理减缓麦秸还田对水稻生长负面效应研究  

Study of Mitigating the Negative Effect of Returning Wheat Straw on the Rice Growth with Fertilizer and Water Management in Field

作　　者：于建光[1,2] 贺笑[1,3] 王宁[1,2] 顾东祥[1] 许博[1] 张斯梅[1] 豆利岭 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,江苏南京210014 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第5期1218-1222,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136);江苏省农业自主创新资金项目(CX(12)1002;CX(13)5049);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41271308)资助

摘　　要：稻麦轮作系统中,麦秸还田腐解产生的有毒有害物质可对下茬水稻幼苗产生不利影响,有效减缓或避免其负面影响对于水稻生产尤为重要,而稻田苗床环境的改善是减缓麦秸还田负面效应的重要途径。通过室内盆栽模拟试验,评估大量麦秸还田(麦秸/土壤重量比为2%)对水稻生长发育的影响,同时采用施化肥、换水、双倍水层及泡田等不同水肥管理组合,以期筛选能有效减缓麦秸还田负面效应的水稻栽培技术措施。试验结果表明,大量麦秸单独还田(麦秸/土壤重量比为2%)使水稻幼苗生长发育受到抑制,水稻植株株高、生物量和叶绿素含量均显著下降(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著增加或升高(P<0.05),同时水稻总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖和分枝显著减少或降低(P<0.05);而在麦秸还田时,通过施用化肥、换水、双倍水层及泡田等水肥管理措施,可以有效减缓麦秸还田对水稻生长的负面效应,水稻植株株高、生物量均不同程度得以恢复,水稻植株的生理生化过程和根系形态也表现出积极的响应;在所有水肥管理技术措施中,以施用化肥并延长泡田时间至10天的效果最好。In the rice-wheat rotation system, toxic substances decomposed from returning wheat straw in paddy field could have adverse effects on the growth of rice seedling. How to effectively mitigate or avoid its negative effects was particularly important for rice production, and how to improve the paddy field environment suitable for rice plant was an important way to mitigate the negative effects of wheat straw returning into field. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate real paddy field. In order to screen the effective technical measures to mitigate the negative effects of returning wheat straw into field, different water and fertilizer management practices were chosen for experiment. The results showed that rice seedling growth was inhibited under the amounts of wheat straw application alone, the plant height and biomass of rice plant were decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05）, and the physiological and biochemical processes, root morphology of rice plant also changed significantly. When the wheat straw returning into field, the application of fertilizer, water replacement, double layer water and ponding, could effectively mitigate the negative effects of wheat straw returning into field on the growth of rice plant, the plant height and biomass of rice plant was recovered with different degrees, and the physiological and biochemical processes and root morphology in rice plant showed a positive response. In all technical measures, the application of chemical fertilizers and extension to 10 days of ponding time was the best.

关 键 词：水肥管理 麦秸 水稻 负面效应 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]