论遗体在民法教义学体系中的地位——兼谈民法总则相关条文的立法建议  

On the Status of Remains in Civil Law Dogmatics:Some Legislative Suggestions on Relevant Provisions of General Principles of Civil Code

作　　者：申卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2016年第6期162-174,共13页The Jurist

摘　　要：关于遗体的法律属性并未形成一致见解。在法教义学体系中,遗体应当被评价为民法中的"物"。民法总则应在立法上对此予以明确,但不宜采用法律拟制的技术,否则不仅相关条文之间存在矛盾,民法中"物"的概念也将失去其应有的开放性。民法总则中应规定,"遗体亦为物"。进而,作为民法中的"物",遗体应成为所有权的客体。同时,遗体所蕴含的伦理道德等因素使遗体之上的权益呈现出所有权与人格利益的双重构造,遗体所有权在内容上应受很大限制。民法总则应在反面通过"死者生前意愿"和"公序良俗"对遗体所有权进行限制的同时,从正面对遗体所有权的管理、祭祀、埋葬和捐献等权能予以明确列举。In recent years,there have been many disputes on remains which continuingly trouble the practice.Legal Dogmatics and Legislation hence should provide support to this.However,there is no unanimous recognition on remains' legal attribute.Which needs to be introspected from methodology perspective.In the system of legal dogmatics,remains should be considered as 'thing' in civil law.This should be recognized in the legislation of Civil Code General Rules.In order to avoid conflicts between provisions and remain the openness of ' thing' in civil law,the better way is to stipulate ' the remains is the thing' in Civil Code General Rules rather than to aaply legal fiction direcdy.Thus,remains should be an object of ownership in civil law.However,given the ethical and moral elements contained in remains,its characteristic reflects both ownership and personality interest.Therefore,the remains' ownership content should be limited.The author suggests to limit the content by(1) applying 'the will of deceased' and 'public order and social custom' and(2) listing clearly the remains' right,including regulation,sacrifice,burial,donation and so on.The concept of remains under Civil Code General Rules hence would be more comprehensive.Basic concepts in civil law dogmatics,such as thing,and ownership,would also be enriched and developed.

关 键 词：遗体 民法概念体系 遗体亦为物 遗体所有权 民法教义学 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]