施氮量对不同时期超级杂交稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Different Phases of Super Hybrid Rice Varieties

作　　者：高伟[1] 谢小兵[1] 周雪峰[1] 李志斌[1] 陈佳娜[1] 单双吕 曹放波[1] 黄敏[1] 邹应斌[1] 王学华[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2016年第6期59-64,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：基金项目:超级杂交稻百;千;万高产攻关示范工程

摘　　要：以超级杂交稻两优培九、Y两优1号、Y两优2号和Y两优900及超高产杂交稻苗头品种超优千号为材料,研究了施氮量(0,210,300,390 kg/hm^2)对不同时期超级杂交稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,超优千号和Y两优2号产量较高,其后依次为Y两优900、Y两优1号和两优培九。不同氮肥水平下,两优培九和Y两优1号的产量随施氮量增加呈现先增加后降低趋势,均在施氮量300 kg/hm^2下达到最高;其余品种的产量则随施氮量增加而增加,但施氮量390 kg/hm^2处理与300 kg/hm^2处理产量差异不显著。各品种氮肥利用率均随施氮量增加而降低,在施氮量300 kg/hm^2处理下达到了高产高效的平衡。较高的干物质积累和收获指数是高产的主要因素;在大量颖花数基础上,保持高结实率是超级杂交稻进一步增产的重要途径。Using super hybrid rice varieties Liangyou Peijiu, Y Liangyou 1, Y Liangyou 2 and Y Liangyou 900 and a promising super hybrid rice variety Chaoyou 1000 as the materials, the effects of nitrogen rate （0, 210, 300 and 390 kg/hm^2） were studied on grain yield and N-use efficiency of different phases of super hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that Chaoyou 1000 and Y Liangyou 2 had higher grain yields, followed orderly by Y Liangyou 900, Y Liangyou 1 and Liangyou Peijiu. Under different nitrogen rates from 0 to 390 kg/hm^2, Liangyou Peijiu and Y Li- angyou 1 increased in grain yield with the increment of nitrogen application before 300 kg/hm^2 but decreased then with further increment of nitrogen application while the others increased in grain yield with the increment of nitrogen application, but their grain yields at 390 kg/hm^2 were not statistically higher than those at 300 kg/hm^2. For all va- rieties, the N-use efficiency decreased with the increment of nitrogen application from 210 to 390 kg/hm^2. The treatments with the nitrogen rate at 300 kg/hm^2 reached a good balance in both higher grain yield and higher N-use effieiency. Higher dry matter accumulation and higher harvest index were the principal factors for a higher grain yield. Keeping a higher seed-setting rate was an important approach to further increasing yield of super hybrid rice on the basis of a great number of spikelets.

关 键 词：超级杂交稻 施氮量 产量 干物质生产 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学] S318