城市公园鸟类群落多样性与复杂性初探——以北京地坛公园为例  

The diversity and complexity of the bird community in city park——A case study of Ditan Park in Beijing

作　　者：贾丽丽[1] 陈卓琳[1] 关文彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2016年第6期989-995,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(200904019)资助

摘　　要：2013年1月至2015年3月采用样线法在北京地坛公园调查鸟类27次,利用多样性和复杂性指数研究了鸟类群落结构,探讨了群落多样性和复杂性随月份变化的规律,并分析了复杂性和多样性的相关性及影响因素,结果如下:(1)鸟类共计7目20科43种,优势种8种。群落丰富度在春季或秋季迁徙季节达到峰值。(2)总复杂性、无序复杂性和香农-维纳指数随月份变化趋势大致相同,春夏较高,秋冬较低,结构复杂性则不同,春秋季较高,盛夏和冬季最低。(3)群落总复杂性、无序复杂性以及香农-维纳指数随均匀度和丰富度的增加而增加,随优势度的增加而降低。结构复杂性与丰富度呈极显著相关(R=0.834,P<0.01),丰富度越高,结构复杂性越高;优势度越高,结构复杂性越低。(4)香农-维纳指数与总复杂性相关性接近1(R=0.993,P<0.01),说明总复杂性受香农-维纳指数影响很大。(5)结构复杂性和无序复杂性无明显相关(R=0.180,P=0.400),不能用无序复杂性测度结构复杂性。From Jan. 2013 to Mar. 2015, 27 surveys were conducted at Ditan Park in Beijing with line transectmethod. The diversity index and Huffman coding were adopted to analyze the bird community structure, the monthlyvariation of diversity and complexity, the relationship between diversity and complexity and the influence factors.The result shows that： （1） A total of 43 species from 20 families and 7 orders were recorded in Ditan Park, amongwhich 8 were dominant birds. The richness of the bird community reached the highest in spring or autumn. （2） Thetotal complexity, disorder complexity and the Shannon-Weiner index had a similar variation along with the month,presenting high in spring and summer, low in autumn and winter; while the structural complexity was different, pre-senting high in spring and autumn, low in mid-summer and winter. （3） The total complexity, disorder complexity andthe Shannon-Weiner index increased along with the richness and evenness, and decreased with an increase of domi-nance. The structural complexity had a significant positive correlation with the richness （R=0.834, P〈0.01）, whichincreased with an increase of the richness and decreased with an increasing dominance. （4） The correlation coeffi-cient between the Shannon-Weiner index and total complexity was nearly 1 （R=0.993, P〈0.01）, so total complexitywas greatly affected by the Shannon-Weiner index. （5） The structural complexity and disordered complexity showedno significant correlation with each other （R=0.180, P=-0.400）. Thus the structural complexity cannot be measured bydisorder complexity.

关 键 词：结构复杂性 多样性 鸟类群落 地坛公园 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]