为“地理环境决定论”辩诬与正名  

Refutation and Vindication for “Geographie Environmental Determinism”

作　　者：皮家胜[1] 罗雪贞 

机构地区：[1]广州大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《教学与研究》2016年第12期23-32,共10页Teaching and Research

摘　　要：对以孟德斯鸠为代表的传统的"地理环境决定论"不加分析地斥之为反动的资产阶级理论,把普列汉罗夫旨在捍卫历史唯物主义而对传统"地理环境决定论"所做的辩护和新阐发称为历史唯心主义,这都是毫无根据的。孟德斯鸠试图坚持用物质的原因来说明人类社会历史发展的这一理论,从某种意义上来说,为历史唯物主义的诞生起到了"投石问路"的作用;普列汉罗夫针对传统"地理环境决定论"的缺陷所做的辩护和新阐发则构成了历史唯物主义的题中应有之义。为"地理环境决定论"正名并揭示其当代价值和意义需要厘清地理环境与人的身体、历史决定论和所谓"脱域现象"的关系。身体在地理环境与社会和人的实践和精神活动中起着纽带作用;只有既坚持"地理环境决定论",又坚持"历史决定论",才能在承认人类社会历史发展具有内在规律的前提下避免宿命论;"脱域现象"是资本主义全球化的附带现象,它也是人类的一种"虚妄症",人不可能"脱域",也不是要"脱域",而是要对地理环境保持足够的敬畏并施以精心"照看",坚决维护和保持它的多样性和丰富性。It is unfounded that uncritically dismissed the traditional ＂Geographie Environmental Determinism＇by Montesquieu as reactionary bourgeois theory and called the new ideas of defend the historical materialism by Plekhanov as historical idealism. Montesquieu tried to stick to mate- rial reasons to explain the theory of human social history, in a sense, for the birth of historical materialism played an important role; Plekhanov defended and reinterpreted the traditional ＂Ge- ographic Environmental Determinism＂ , which constituted the proper meaning of the title. As ＂Geographic Environmental Determinism＂ name and reveal its contemporary value and significance need to clarify the relationship between geographical environment and the human body, historical determinism and the ＂Disembeding Phenomenon＂. Body link plays a role in the social geographical environment and the human spirit and practice activities; Only if both adhere to the ＂Geographic Environmental Determinism＂ and the ＂historical determinism＂, should we rec- ognize the historical development of human society＇s inherent laws and avoid fatalism; ＂Disembe- ding phenomenon＂ epiphenomenon of capitalist globalization, it is also a kind of human ＂false disorder＂, people can not ＂Disembeding＂, nor is it to ＂Disembeding＂, but to geographical envi- ronment maintain sufficient awe and subjected to ＂care＂, resolutely safeguard and maintain its di- versity and richness.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 地理环境决定论 历史决定论 身体 脱域现象 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]