2012-2014年成都市金牛区水痘流行病学特征及免疫策略分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics and Immunization Strategy of Varicella in Jinniu District of Chengdu,2012-2014

作　　者：杨琼[1] 张星[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都市金牛区疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610036

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2016年第4期261-263,共3页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解成都市金牛区水痘的发病特征与流行趋势，比较水痘免疫策略调整前后流行病学特征的变化，评价水痘疫苗使用现状，为今后制定水痘防控措施提供依据。方法对金牛区2012—2014年水痘监测及疫苗使用资料进行描述性流行病学方法分析。结果2012—2014年金牛区共报告水痘2114例，呈冬春季2个高峰，5～9岁组年龄组发病数占34．25％，学生发病数占44．80％；2014年免疫策略调整后，与2013年相较，发病率下降21．77％，5～9岁组发病数下降33．33％，幼托儿童发病数下降45．18％；2014年水痘疫苗使用量较2012年增长101．97％，两剂次累计接种率最高分别为2岁组65．88％和4岁组21．94％。结论成都市金牛区免疫策略调整后降低了水痘发病率，进一步提高两剂次水痘疫苗的接种率是校园水痘疫情防控最有效的措施。Objective To understand the incidence features and epidemic trend of varicella in Jinniu district of Chengdu, and to compare the epidemiologieal characteristics before and after the adjustment of varicella im- munization strategy, and to evaluate the use of varicella vaccine （ VarV）, and to provide evidence for develo- ping varicella control measures. Methods The descriptive epidemiology method was adopted to analyze vac- cine monitoring data and vaccine information in 2012 -2014. Results A total of 2114 eases were reported. Spring and autumn were two epidemical peaks. The incidence rate in aged 5 -9 years groups and students was 34. 25% and 44. 80%, respectively. After the adjustment of varicella immunization strategy, the incidence decreased 21.77%, and the incidence in those with age of 10 - 12 months decreased by 24. 65%, in the group aged 5 -9 year old was 33.33%, and in the cases of kindergarten children was 45.18%, respectively. Additionally, the usage amount of VarV increased by 101.97% than 2012. The highest coverage of two doses VarV were 65.88% in those aged 2 years and 21.94% in those aged 4 years, respectively. Conclusion The adjustment of varicella immunization strategy has decreased the incidence effectively. Additionally, to improve the coverage of two doses VarV is the most effective measure for the varicella control and prevention in school.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学特征 免疫策略 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]