中国能源工业空间分布、基地识别与演变特征  

Geography distribution of China's energy industry and evolution of energy industrial bases

作　　者：陈琳琳[1,2] 杨宇[1,2] 洪辉[3] 金凤君[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国国际工程咨询公司,北京100048

出　　处：《资源科学》2016年第12期2256-2269,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41430636;41371141;41571113)

摘　　要：能源工业和能源工业基地布局研究,是中国工业地理研究的重要方向,对新常态下传统产业结构转型升级和空间布局具有一定的现实意义。本文对中国能源工业发展与布局的基本历程进行了系统分析,借助基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和空间自相关等方法对中国1985-2010年能源工业基地的集聚与扩散态势进行研究,并建立了系统的能源工业基地识别方法,探讨了中国能源工业基地的演变特征。研究认为:(1)能源工业整体分布相对均衡,但是能源工业内部各类行业空间集聚与扩散态势呈现出明显的差异;(2)中国能源工业基地总体数量相对稳定,中部地区的能源工业基地最多,西部地区的数量显著增多,不同的能源开采工业基地空间分布趋势并不相同;(3)能源工业基地的综合化趋势明显,且多种行业的组合模式越来越复杂;综合型能源工业基地的数量和规模均表现出上升的趋势,而专业型的能源工业基地规模相对较小;伴随着相关产业的布局,专业型能源工业基地向综合型能源工业基地的转型特征较为明显。The energy industry plays an important role in China’s economic development. This paper analyses the process of energy industry distribution and focuses on a key period of energy industry development. Centralization and diffusion patterns of energy industry from 1985 to 2010 are analyzed based on the Gini coefficient,Lorenz curve and spatial autocorrelation analysis. We then built a system identification framework to identify energy industrial bases and draw a distribution map. Spatial characteristics and evolution of energy industrial bases are discussed. We found that the space distribution of energy industry as a whole is relatively balanced,but the centralization and diffusion patterns of categories（coal,oil and electricity）are significant different.The spatial distribution of the coal mining and dressing industry presents for first dispersion and then relative concentration and re-dispersion. Petroleum and natural gas mining shows a dispersion trend,but the overall degree of agglomeration is high. The spatial distribution of the production and supply of electric power and hot power is relatively more balanced,and shows a clear trend of agglomeration. The total number of energy industrial bases was stable in the study period. Most of the bases are concentrated in central China. The number of bases in western China shows an upwards trend. Persistent- energy- industrial- bases total 33 and occupy an important position in China’s energy industry. New and emerging energy industrial bases are mainly distributed in energy- rich regions such as Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Shaanxi and Shanxi. Integration of energy industrial bases is obvious. The scale of comprehensive industrial bases increased,while the scale of single energy industrial bases comprises small characteristics. With relevant industrial development,single energy industrial bases are transforming to comprehensive industrial bases.

关 键 词：能源工业 工业基地 空间布局 空间演化 中国 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]