花铃期干旱胁迫复水后棉花产量和纤维品质的变化研究  

Studies on Yield and Fiber Quality Changes in Cotton under Drought Stress after Re-watering during the Flowering and Boll-forming Stages

作　　者：牛静[1] 张雷[1] 张思平[1] 刘绍东[1] 马慧娟[1] 赵新华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2016年第6期584-593,共10页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31301262);中国博士后科学基金(2013M540169);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD03B02)

摘　　要：以抗旱差异明显的中棉所45(CCRI 45)和中棉所60(CCRI 60)为材料,采用人工控水的方法,研究棉花花铃期不同干旱胁迫程度和干旱胁迫后复水棉花根系干物质质量、皮棉产量和纤维品质的变化。结果表明,CCRI 45根系干物质质量增加幅度和皮棉产量在SRWC((45±5)%)干旱胁迫6 d后复水最大,且达到显著水平(P<0.05),CCRI 60根系干物质质量增加幅度和皮棉产量在SRWC((60±5)%)干旱胁迫6 d后复水最大,且达到显著水平(P<0.05),但CCRI 45和CCRI 60根系干物质质量和皮棉产量在SRWC((45±5)%)干旱胁迫9 d后复水显著低于对照。CCRI 45纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、伸长率和断裂比强度在SRWC((60±5)%)和SRWC((45±5)%)干旱胁迫6 d后复水均高于对照,CCRI 60纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、伸长率和断裂比强度在SRWC((45±5)%)干旱胁迫3 d和SRWC((60±5)%)干旱胁迫6 d后复水均高于对照,但未达到显著水平,CCRI 45和CCRI 60在SRWC((45±5)%)干旱胁迫9 d后复水纤维品质显著低于对照。在SRWC((45±5)%)干旱胁迫6 d后复水,CCRI 45根系干物质质量和皮棉产量的增加幅度大于CCRI 60,表明CCRI 45的抗旱性高于CCRI 60,且补偿能力较高。同时,棉花根系干物质质量增加量与棉花皮棉增加量存在显著的正相关关系。本研究结论将为棉花生产上适时、适度采取抗旱栽培调控措施及开展棉花节水高产栽培技术研究提供理论依据。Two cotton varieties （CCR145 and CCRI 60） with different drought tolerances were screened to study the effects and duration of drought stress after re-watering on cotton root dry weight, yield and quality during the flowering and boll-forming stages using an artificial water-control method. Cotton root dry weight increased, and CCRI 45 had the greatest cotton lint yield, which was significant （P〈0.05）, under the 45%±5%-soil relative water content （SRWC）-induced drought stress for 6 d after re-watering. The cotton root dry weight increased, and CCRI 60 had the greatest cotton lint yield, which was significant （P〈0.05）, under the 60%±5%-SRWC-induced drought stress for 6 d after re-watering. However, CCR145 and CCRI 60 were signifi- cantly lower in root dry weights and lint yields under the 45±5%-SRWC-induced drought stress for 9 d after re-watering than the control. CCR145 had higher fiber length values, uniformity indexes, elongation rates and fiber strengths under the 60%±5%- and 45±5%-SRWC-induced drought stresses for 6 d after re-watering than the control. CCRI 60 had higher fiber length values, uni- formity indexes, elongation rates and fiber strengths under the 45%±5%-SRWC-induced drought stress for 3 d and the 60%±5%- SRWC-induced drought stress for 6 d after re-watering than the control, but did not reach significant levels （P〈0.05）. CCRI 45 and CCRI 60 had significantly lower fiber-quality indexes under the 45%±5%-SRWC-induced drought stress for 9 d after re-wa-tering than the control. The increases in the root dry weight and lint yield under the 45%±5%-SRWC-induced drought stress for 6 d after re-watering was greater in CCRI 45 than that in CCRI 60, which indicated that CCRI 45 had a greater drought resis- tance and ability to compensate than CCRI 60. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the increases in lint yield and root dry weight. This study provides a theory basis for drought-resistant cultivation measures, and water-saving and high-yield cultivat

关 键 词：棉花 干旱 复水 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S423