汉语非字面语言认知神经心理系统  

Neuropsychological System for Chinese Non-literal Language Processing

作　　者：王小潞[1,2] 郭晓群[1] Wang Xiaolu Guo Xiaoqun(School of Foreign Language and Culture and International Communicationlnternational Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China School of Humanities ＆ Communication Arts, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]西悉尼大学人文与传媒艺术学院

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第6期19-32,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(14ZDB155)

摘　　要：非字面语言的理解是高级认知活动,是语言与思维更抽象层级的表现。非字面语言的理解受到语言内外的各种因素的影响,如语言形式本质属性、规约度等,到目前为止我们还很难找出一个能解释非字面语言加工所有方面的普遍模型,或提出一个能解释非字面语言所有形式的"万能理论"。非字面语言的大脑加工是一个完整的系统,我们不应仅停留在某一孤立的理论模型或假说上片面地概括和归纳汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制,而应对各种理论和假说加以整合和优化,在大脑统一认知的框架下根据不同语言形式、不同理解阶段,构建一个汉语非字面语言大脑加工的动态认知总模型。The previous studies on non-literal language mechanism did not treat different forms of non-literal language as an entire and coherent system, but as segmented and isolated entities. Besides certain deficiencies in methodologies, those researches failed to distinguish the similarities and variances of processing mechanism between different non-literal language forms. Non-literal language understanding, one of the advanced cognitive activities, presents a more abstract performance of language and mind. Taking conventionality as the axes, this study tries to place conventionalized metaphor （such as conventional metaphor, idioms） and novel metaphor （such as humor, irony） on a continuum of conventionality. The features of a particular non-literal language form as well as the comparisons with other forms in the non-literal language system from both temporal and spatial dimensions have been discussed and analyzed, so as to bring light on the continuum of Chinese non-literal language mechanism and to build a model of Chinese non-literal language cognitive processing. In terms of temporal dimension, there are three models, namely the multi-step model, the direct access model and the parallel competitive model for non-literal language processing. The multi-step model and the direct access model give extreme answers to the debate of whether literal meaning is activated in the non-literal language understanding. The former holds that literal meaning should be activated initially, while the latter believes that regardless of literal meaning activation, non-literal meaning could be accessed with the contribution of context, salience, etc. The parallel competitive model does not illustrate the direct or indirect processing of literal meaning, but focuses much on the factoi＇s influencing the process, discussing the context effect in terms of time and means of processing in understanding. Regarding spatial dimension, the right brain theory, the left brain theory and the whole brain theory are the three main prevailin

关 键 词：汉语非字面语言 规约度 加工模型 加工脑区 神经心理系统 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]