城市三维格局影响下的污染气体扩散效应分析  

Diffusion Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on the Three Dimensional Landscape Pattern of Urban Block

作　　者：李绥[1] 石铁矛[1] 周诗文[1] 宫继萍[2] 朱蕾[3] 周媛[4] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学生态城镇化与绿色建筑研究中心,辽宁沈阳110168 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]西南民族大学城市规划与建筑学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期1111-1121,共11页Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51208312;41671184);辽宁省科学技术计划项目(201602613)

摘　　要：目的研究城市三维格局对污染气体扩散的影响,揭示空间形态与大气污染物空间分布的关联.方法应用CFD数值模拟技术,选择典型城市商业街区为研究对象,以汽车排放尾气中PM_(10)为污染源,模拟可吸入颗粒物的空间质量浓度分布,以实地监测数据验证精度,揭示了大气污染物在街区空间三维坐标下的扩散规律.结果污染气体的扩散效应与街区三维景观格局有着密切联系:在10 m、30 m、50 m不同高度水平截面中,污染物质量浓度的降低趋势、空间分布的均匀程度受建筑密度影响显著;街谷两侧建筑高度、空间组合以及建筑自身形态决定了街谷内局部流场.结论在城市规划中应该充分考虑三维格局对街区大气污染的影响,从城市通风廊道、开放空间、天际线高度变化及底层灰空间等多个层面,对城市街区的三维景观格局进行优化,能够有效改善严峻的大气污染现状.In order to study the influence of three dimensional spatial pattern on the diffusion of polluted gas, the relationship between spatial patterns and spatial distribution of air pollutants was revealed. Applying CFD numerical simulation technology, selecting the typical city commercial block as the research object and using PM10 which from automobile exhaust gas as the source of pollution, which were simulated the spatial concentration distribution with the inhalable particle.Verifying accuracy based on the monitoring data, which was revealed the diffusion of atmospheric pollutants in the three dimensional of the block space. The results showed that there is a close rela- tionship between the diffusion effect of contaminated gas and three dimensional landscape pattern in block. The decreasing trend of the concentration of pollutants and the uniformity of spatial distri- bution are significantly by the density of buildings at different height levels such as 10 meters,30 meters and 50 meters. The local flow field in the valley of street is determined by the height of the building ,the space combination and the shape of the building itself. In the urban planning, one must fully consider the effect of three dimensional pattern on air pollution in blocks. From the as- pects of Urban Ventilation, open Space, the height of the horizon line and the bottom disheartened space, and so on, which was optimized the three dimensional landscape pattern of urban block and improved effectively the current situation of severe atmospheric pollution.

关 键 词：三维景观格局 大气污染物 商业街区 数值模拟 扩散效应 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]