土壤耕作与秸秆还田对小麦产量及麦季温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of soil tillage and straw return on wheat yield and greenhouse gases emission

作　　者：王祥菊[1] 周炜[2] 王子臣[2] 盛婧[2] 陈留根[2] 郑建初[2] 张岳芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州市职业大学园林园艺学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2016年第3期101-106,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503122);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12)

摘　　要：以扬麦16号为材料,研究常规翻耕秸秆不还田(CT)、少免耕秸秆不还田(RNT)、常规翻耕秸秆还田(CTS)、少免耕秸秆还田(RNTS)对小麦产量、麦季甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放的影响。结果表明:不同处理对小麦产量的影响由大到小依次为CT、CTS、RNT、RNTS处理,相同秸秆处理下常规翻耕的小麦产量、单位面积穗数和每穗粒数均对显著高于少免耕,RNTS处理的小麦产量、单位面积穗数和每穗粒数显著低于RNT处理。麦季CH4总排放量由大到小依次为RNTS、RNT、CTS、CT处理,处理间差异均达显著水平,少免耕或秸秆还田措施均显著增加麦季CH4总排放量。麦季N2O总排放量由大到小依次为CTS、CT、RNTS、RNT处理,常规翻耕显著增加麦季N2O总排放量,秸秆还田也有增加N2O排放的趋势。综合小麦产量和麦田排放CH4、N2O产生的温室效应,RNT处理的"单位产量的全球增温潜势"显著低于其他处理,CT处理显著低于CTS处理。研究表明,少免耕不利于小麦产量的提高和CH4减排,但减少了N2O排放和麦田排放CH4、N2O产生的温室效应。By using static chamber/gas chromatographic techniques,this field experiment with ＂Yangmai 16＂as test material simultaneously measured CH4 and N2O emissions and wheat yield in a rice-wheat double cropping system under four treatments：conventional tillage（CT）,reduced and no-tillage（RNT）,conventional tillage with straw return（CTS）,reduced and no-tillage with straw return（RNTS）.The results showed that the order of wheat yield under different treatments was：CT〉CTS〉RNT〉RNTS.Under the same straw treatment,the wheat yield,panicle numbers,spikelet number per panicle in the conventional tillage were significantly higher than those in the reduced and no-tillage.Compared to RNT,RNTS significantly decreased the wheat yields,panicle numbers,and spikelet number per panicle.Seasonal total CH4 emissions were：RNTS〉RNT〉CTS〉CT.Reduced and no-tillage or straw return significantly increased total CH4 emissions.Seasonal total N2O emissions followed the same order：CTS〉CT〉RNTS〉RNT.Compared to reduced and no-tillage with or without straw return,conventional tillage significantly increased seasonal total N2 O emissions.Straw return slightly increased seasonal total N2O emissions in contrast with no straw return.The global warming potential（GWP）per unit of yield in RNT was significantly lower than that in other treatments.The GWP in CT was significantly lower as compared to CTS.The overall results indicated that the RNT could increase total CH4 emissions,but would reduce wheat yield,total N2O emissions and the comprehensive greenhouse effect resulting from the CH4 and N2O emissions during the wheat growing season.

关 键 词：小麦 土壤耕作 秸秆还田 温室气体 增温潜势 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S512