魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)中国群体与韩国群体杂交子一代的生长和存活比较  

Growth and Survival of the First Hybrid Generation of Chinese and Korean Populations of Scapharca broughtonii

作　　者：蔡忠强[1] 郑言鑫 任利群[1] 赵春暖[1] 吴彪[2] 王肖君 于涛[1] 杨爱国[2] 林建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站,烟台265800 [2]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [3]招远市海洋环境监测站,烟台265400

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2016年第6期81-86,共6页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划(2014GHY115031);烟台市科技发展计划(2014BF147-1);中国水产科学研究院级基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2013A0507);国家贝类产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-48)共同资助

摘　　要：以魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)中国群体(C)和韩国群体(K)为材料,进行了4个组合的杂交和自交实验,分析了各实验组的受精率、孵化率、幼虫和稚贝的生长、存活以及杂交子一代的杂种优势。结果显示,4个组的受精率和孵化率均较高(80%以上);自交组的受精率略高于杂交组,但孵化率无显著差异。在幼虫期,KK组和KC组的壳长平均值大于CK组和CC组,但存活率和变态率无显著差异;在稚贝期,KK组和KC组的壳长平均值也均大于CK组和CC组,但CC组和CK组的保苗率比KC组和KK组高。综合分析比较表明,杂交KC组的杂种优势率在幼虫期和稚贝期的壳长生长上均表现为正值,在稚贝期的存活率方面也表现为正值,杂交KC组结合了两群体的部分优良性状,是理想的育种材料。Intraspecific hybridization was investigated using two stocks of the Scapharca broughtonii, China population （C） and Korea population （K）. The fertilization rate, larval survival rate, growth, and heterosis were compared between two reciprocal hybrid crosses C♀×K♂ （CK） and K♀× C♂ （KC） and two parental groups C♀× C♂ （CC） and K♀ × K♂ （KK）. The fertilization rate of the parental groups was higher than that of the reciprocal hybrid crosses, but the hatchability results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two reciprocal hybrid crosses and the two parental groups. The shell lengths of the KK and KC groups were larger than those of the CC and CK groups in larval, juvenile, and adult stages. The CC and CK groups, however, showed higher survival rate in juvenile and adult stages. The heterosis of the KC cross in terms of the shell length and the survival rate was obvious, but the CK cross did not show positive heterosis in any aspect during the entire experiment. The difference in heterosis between the two reciprocal hybrid crosses might be related to the maternal effects, heredity, and environment.

关 键 词：魁蚶 杂交 生长 存活 杂种优势 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]