油菜毯状苗机械移栽技术研究  

Research on machine transplanting techniques of blanket rapeseed

作　　者：吴崇友[1] 吴俊[1] 张敏[1] 汤庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2016年第12期6-10,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-13);国家科学自然基金(51575284)

摘　　要：油菜是我国最重要的油料作物,育苗移栽是稻油轮作油菜的主要栽培方式。现有移栽机以土壤流动为移栽的前提条件,不适应稻茬黏重土壤,且作业效率低。本文针对我国油菜种植效率低、茬口紧等问题,借鉴插秧机切块栽插原理,增设开沟、覆土镇压功能,形成适宜稻板田移栽的油菜毯状苗移栽机。针对旱地移栽取苗、投苗特性优化了分插机构参数和轨迹,并进行了虚拟样机仿真验证。通过分析开沟盘转速、机具前进速度和入土扭矩的关系设计了液压驱动装置,能实现破茬、开沟功能。球铰接的镇压装置设计,能满足不同土壤移栽的通过和镇压性能。以苗田机三者协调为主线,通过切块质量、入土姿态与深度、镇压效果的改进,达到良好的移栽效果。本研究为此类移栽机设计提供参考依据,对于解决油菜机械化瓶颈问题有重要意义。Seedling transplantation is the main cultivation method for rape during rice-rape rotation, which is the most important oil crop in China. Existing transplanter takes soil flow as the precondition for operating, which appears inefficiency and cannot adapt to the heavy soil with stubble. In order to solve the problems, such as low efficiency of rape planting, compact crops for rotation and so on, using dicing and transplaming principles of rice transplanter for reference, a transplanter for blanket rapeseed in rice panel field was designed, with additional functions like trenching, soil covering and rolling. Aiming at the characteristics of planting in dry land, parameters and trajectories of the transplanting mechanism were optimized, and virtual prototype simulation was carried out. Cutting stubble and trenching can be realized by hydraulic driving device, which designed by analyzing relationships among the speed of ditching disc, the forward speed of machine and the div- ing torque. The designed rolling device of spherical joint can satisfy the driving and rolling requirements of different kinds of soil. Better transplanting performance is achieved through the advancing of dicing quality, diving attitude, diving depth and rolling properties, based on the main clue combining with seedling, soil and n, achine. This study provides reference for these kinds of transplanter and has significant meaning for solving the bottleneck problems of rape mechanization.

关 键 词：油菜 毯状苗 旱地移栽 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]