超强台风“梅花”急剧变化的环境特征和能量变化分析  

Analysis on rapid intensity change of the environment condition and energy flux driven by the super typhoon Muifa

作　　者：黄勇[1,2] 王业桂[2] 蔡其发[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 [2]中国人民解放军61741部队

出　　处：《海洋预报》2016年第6期22-31,共10页Marine Forecasts

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展"973"计划(2012CB955604);国家自然科学基金(41375105;41425019;91337105);中国博士后科学基金(2015M571093)

摘　　要：利用中国气象局的热带气旋最佳路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对1109号超强台风"梅花"在急剧增强、超强和减弱阶段的大尺度环境、高低层涡散分布和能量场演变配比特征进行分析。结果表明:超强台风"梅花"强度变化与南亚高压、副热带高压的强度变化有明显关系;急剧增强前24 h,伴随有风垂直切变明显减弱,急剧减弱前24 h风垂直切变存在突然增强。中心附近对流层高层辐散的增强、正涡度的增大和正涡度柱向对流层中上层伸展导致超强台风"梅花"急剧增强,对流层低层辐散和高层辐合的增大与强度的减弱密切相关。急剧增强过程中涡旋风动能的增加远大于辐散风动能,涡旋风动能增量主要集中在大气层低层,总位能增量在大气低层和高层配比相当。Using the optimal route data of tropical cyclone in the National Meteorological Bureau and the NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis data, the characteristics of large-scale environment, vortex distribution at high and low level and evolution of energy field under the rapid intensification stage, super strong stage and decay stage of the typhoon Muifa are analyzed. The results show that the intensity variation of Muifa has an obvious relation with the high pressure and subtropical high pressure of the South Asia,which means that the high pressure and the subtropical high pressure will be decayed under the typhoon rapid intensification stage. Typically a critical vertical shear is obviously weakened 24 hours ahead of the rapid intensification, while be enhanced 24 hours ahead of the rapid weakening. The enhancement of the upper troposphere convergence, the positive vorticity and the positive vorticity column extended to the upper troposphere lead to the super typhoon Muifa rapid enhancement. There is a favorable environment for typhoon intensification, such as strong divergence at the upper level and remarkable vorticity near the center of Muifa. Under rapid intensification stage, the magnitude of rotational kinetic energy is much larger than that of divergent energy. The enhancement of the＇, rotational kinetic energy is mainly in the lower troposphere, while that of the potential energy is in the lower and upper troposphere.

关 键 词：超强台风 强度 变化 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]