渤海中西部近海与沿岸海雾的特征分析  

Characteristics of offshore and coastal sea fog in the mid-west Bohai Sea

作　　者：郑怡 李冉[2] 史得道[3] 王亚男[3] 孙蜜娜 

机构地区：[1]山东省气象台,山东济南250000 [2]中国气象局,北京100081 [3]天津市气象台,天津300074

出　　处：《海洋预报》2016年第6期74-80,共7页Marine Forecasts

基　　金：中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用(重点)项目(CMAGJ2013Z02);山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目(2010sdqxz01)

摘　　要：利用2004—2012年渤海湾埕北油田A平台的气象水文观测资料以及塘沽、秦皇岛、兴城和龙口4个环渤海沿岸观测站的常规观测资料进行统计分析,得出渤海中西部海雾的气候特征及影响因子,归纳了天气系统模型,并给出了相关气象要素的定量化指标。结果表明:渤海海雾年际变化明显,其中2005年出现频次最少,2007年最多,不同海区海雾月际变化特征有所差异,但都存在冬季高发期,且海雾高发期受到温度空间分布的影响,08时海雾出现频次最多,其日变化特征受太阳辐射和海陆差异影响;依据高低空环流形势和地面主要影响系统,将渤海海雾发生时的天气形势分为均压场型,倒槽冷锋型,低压场型和高压场型4种并分别给出概念模型,各海区均压场型出现概率最高,渤海湾和莱州湾海区倒槽冷锋型次之,辽东湾海区低压场型占比第二;渤海海雾在海气温差正负时皆可出现且差值多在2℃以内,总体盛行风向特征不显著,这些特征与黄海海雾预报差异较大;此外,沿岸相对湿度达到90%以上,近海相对湿度达到80%以上,风速在0—3级之间,低层大气存在逆温层时,有利于渤海海雾的生成和发展。Based on the conventional observation data at five offshore and coastal observation stationsfrom 2004 to 2012, the climate characteristics and influence factors of the sea fog in the Midwest Bohai Sea are statistically analyzed.. The results show the sea fog in the Bohai Sea has an obvious annual variation characteristic, with the lowest frequency in 2005, and highest frequency in 2007. The monthly variation characteristics vary in different sea areas, but has a high-incidence time in winter which was affected by the spatial distribution of temperature. The highest frequency time of sea fog occurrence is at 08：00am, and the daily variation characteristic is affected by the solar radiation. The synoptic situations under the sea fog process can be divided into four patterns, which are uniform pressure field, trough and cold front, low pressure field and high pressure field, and the four kinds of conceptual model are summarized. The uniform pressure field accounted for the largest proportion, the second proportion which in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay is the trough cold front, the second proportion which in Liaodong Bay is the low pressure field. The statistics about the meteorological condition suitable for Sea Fog occurrence is given, such as wind direction and speed, temperature and humidity conditions, and the stability of atmospheric stratification, which can provide effective reference for the sea fog forecast.

关 键 词：渤海中西部 海雾 统计特征 天气系统模型 

分 类 号：P732.2[天文地球—海洋科学]