理想气体趋向热平衡态的动力学模拟  

DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF AN IDEAL GAS TENDING TO THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM STATE

作　　者：董键[1] 崔秀芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学物理工程学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《物理与工程》2016年第6期39-42,47,共5页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：从动力学出发,导出了二体和三体分子弹性散射的动量分配公式,据此,用计算机模拟了理想气体分子集团长时间碰撞后的行为,证明热平衡态分子动量的麦克斯韦分布主要是由分子的二体碰撞所致,三体碰撞贡献的比例很小.用此方法还研究了器壁对气体动量分布的影响和对气体温度的控制机制,以及气体趋向热平衡的过程.Based on the momentum distribution theory of two-body and three-body molecular elastic scattering derived from dynamical consideration,a computer simulation was carried out to inspect the behavior of an ideal gas after multiple collisions between molecules,showing that the Maxwell distribution of molecular momentum of the gas in thermal equilibrium state is mainly caused by two-body collision,three-body collision dedicates only a small proportion.Mechanisms of the container＇s impact to the momentum distribution and to the gas＇s temperature controlling can be studied with this method,therefore the process of the gas tending to thermal equilibrium state can be traced.

关 键 词：动力学模拟 理想气体 分子散射 动量分配公式 麦克斯韦分布 

分 类 号：O313[理学—一般力学与力学基础]