磷肥施用对水稻生长和磷素吸收的影响  

Effects of Application Methods of Phosphorus Fertilizers on the Growth and Phosphorus Absorption of Rice in Jiangyan and Guangde Regions

作　　者：江尚焘 王火焰[1] 周健民[1] 刘晓伟[1,2] 陈照明[1,2] 严陶韬 JIANG Shangtao WANG Huoyan. ZHOU Jianmin LIU Xiaowei＇ CHEN Zhaoming＇ YAN Taotao＇(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture （Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences）, Nanjing 210008, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京林业大学,南京210037

出　　处：《土壤》2016年第6期1085-1091,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271309)资助

摘　　要：采用田间微区试验研究不同磷肥的施用位置和类型对姜堰、广德两地水稻生长、磷素吸收以及施肥后地表水磷浓度的影响,为水稻根区施磷提供科学依据。磷肥种类为磷酸二氢钙(MCP)和磷酸氢二铵(DAP),施用方式有:1表面撒施;2偏3 cm,深5 cm穴施;3偏12 cm,深5 cm穴施。结果显示施磷对两地水稻均无显著增产,姜堰地区水稻产量显著高于广德。不同施磷位置对水稻吸磷量有显著影响,姜堰、广德两地MCP偏3 cm处理的水稻总吸磷量较MCP偏12 cm处理分别高13%和12%,且DAP偏12 cm处理的水稻总吸磷量显著高于MCP偏12 cm处理,两地增幅分别达到12%和16%,磷肥撒施虽然在水稻分蘖期有较高的吸磷量,但在水稻成熟期不如磷肥偏3 cm穴施。施肥第10天的地表水总磷浓度以磷肥表面撒施处理较高,比磷肥穴施处理分别高245%(姜堰)和94%(广德)。以上结果表明:1适当位置的磷肥穴施不但能够促进水稻对磷的吸收,还能有效缓解径流排水造成的磷流失;2磷酸氢二铵的磷肥适宜施用距离范围较磷酸二氢钙远。A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different placements and species of phosphorus （P） fertilizers on rice growth, P uptake by rice and P concentration in surface water after fertilization, providing a scientific basis for root zone P fertilization. P fertilizer species included mono-calcium phosphate （MCP） and diammonium phosphate （DAP）, P fertilizer application methods included： 1） surface broadcasting; 2） point placement with 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seedling; 3） point placement with 5 cm below and 12 cm away from seedling. The results showed that no differences were observed between P and P-free treatments in rice yield in both regions, and rice yield in Jiangyan was greater than that in Guangde. Total P uptake by rice was significantly affected by P applied placements. The yield for 3 cm-point placement of MCP was 13% and 12% higher than that for 12 cm-point placement of MCP in Jiangyan and Guangde, respectively. The yield for the treatment with DAP was significantly higher than that with MCP in 12 cm-point placement, and increased percentages were 12% and 16% in Jiangyan and Guangde, respectively. Although relatively high total P uptake by rice was found in surface broadcasting treatments at tillering stage, 3 cm-point placement performed better than surface broadcasting at maturing stage. After 10 days of fertilization, P concentration in surface water for surface broadcasting treatment was 245% （Jiangyan） and 94% （Guangde） higher than that for point placement treatment. These results suggested that： 1） reasonable point placement of P application not only promoted P uptake by rice, but also inhibited P loss from paddy fields with surface water drainage; 2） DAP could place relatively more far away from seedling than MCP.

关 键 词：水稻 磷肥 施用位置 磷酸二氢钙 磷酸氢二铵 

分 类 号：S511.5[农业科学—作物学] S143.2