汞污染对葡萄-土壤系统相关指标的影响  

Effect of Hg pollution on the related indexes of the soil-grape tree growing system

作　　者：王伟[1] 贾海滨[1] 张雪娜[1] 杨志新[1] 马堃[1] 王小敏[1] WANG Wei JIA Hai-bin ZHANG Xue-na YANG Zhi-xin MA Kun WANG Xiao-min(College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第6期292-297,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B02);河北省教育厅项目(ZD20131013;ZH2012034)

摘　　要：以葡萄果树为研究对象,采用盆栽试验研究了不同剂量Hg对葡萄各生育期株长和直径、果实Hg含量及土壤酶活性的综合影响。结果表明,在低Hg污染时,葡萄株长和直径与对照相比差异均不显著（p〉0.05）,且葡萄果实Hg质量比符合国家食品限量标准,在开花期、幼果生长期和成熟期土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分别比对照增加了3.72%、6.24%和3.40%;过氧化氢酶活性在开花期增加不显著,幼果生长期和成熟期分别增加了2.62%和5.46%;蔗糖酶活性在开花期增加了2.33%,在幼果生长期和成熟期有轻微下降;而脲酶活性在开花期、幼果生长期和成熟期分别降低了21.07%、12.22%和5.55%。在高Hg污染时,葡萄株长和直径均显著低于对照和低汞污染处理（p〈0.05）,且葡萄果实Hg质量比已超过标准。土壤高Hg污染对葡萄开花期、幼果生长期和成熟期的4种土壤酶活性均产生了显著的抑制作用,其中,土壤过氧化氢酶活性比对照降低5.65%~19.30%,碱性磷酸酶活性降低24.43%~38.10%,蔗糖酶活性下降27.21%~31.81%,脲酶活性减少66.46%~82.52%。综合上述指标的影响可以看出,在农田土壤Hg轻度污染区（1.86 mg/kg）脲酶和蔗糖酶活性略受影响,且均低于土壤重金属修复基准规定的土壤酶活性抑制率限值25%,其他指标均表现良好,因此,在农田土壤轻度Hg污染区选择低吸收的葡萄果树代替易富集的其他作物类型是可行的。The paper is aimed at presenting the investigation results of the effects of Hg pollution on the related indexes of the soil-grape tree growing system. For the research goal, we have conducted a pot-growing experiment of the grape-tree in hoping to make clear the effects of Hg on the length and diameter growth of the stem, the effect of Hg on the content of the grape fruit and the enzyme activities of the soil in different growing stages, thus, providing a scientific basis, and, in addition to the regulation of the plan for agricultural planting structure in Hg-contaminated soil.The results of our investigation have shown that there has not oc- curred any obvious effect on the length and diameter of grape tree stem under the low level of Hg pollution. In comparison with the controlled group, the content of Hg in grape fruit turns to be lower than the Hg limit of the food safety （p 〉0. 05）. The detailed re- sult is that the alkaline phosphatase activity proves to have in- creased by 3.72%, 6. 24% and 3.40% than that in the control group in the successive stages of the flowering stage, growth period of young fruit and mature period. Furthermore, the catalase activity proves to have increased by 2.62% and 5.46% in the growth period of young fruit and mature period, respectively, though no obvious change has been found in the flowering stage. What is more, the sucrase activity has been found increasing by 2. 33% in the flowering stage, but decreased slightly in the growth period of young fruit and mature stage. The urease activity proves to have decreased by 21.07% , 12. 22% and 5.55% in the flowering stage, growth period of young fruit and mature peri- od, respectively. Besides, obvious difference has been found with the length and diameter of grape tree stem due to the high Hg pol- lution against the controlled group and the low Hg pollution after corresponding treatment （p 〈 0. 05）, while the content of Hg in grape fruit remains higher than the allowable limit of Hg in the food. In addition, obvious in

关 键 词：环境学 汞 葡萄 酶活性 生育期 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]