中国产业政策与企业技术创新  

Chinese Industrial Policy and Corporate Technological Innovation

作　　者：余明桂[1] 范蕊[1] 钟慧洁[1] YU Ming-gui FAN Rui ZHONG Hui-jie(Economics and Management School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,Chin)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2016年第12期5-22,共18页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"业绩考核制度与企业创新:基于央企高管业绩考核制度修订的理论与实证研究"(批准号71672134);国家自然科学基金青年项目"薪酬差距;国有企业创新与投资效率研究"(批准号71502161);国家自然科学基金面上项目"民营化;风险承担与企业绩效研究"(批准号71372126)

摘　　要：本文利用中央"五年规划"对一般鼓励和重点鼓励产业规划的信息,采用手工收集的2001—2011年上市公司及其子公司的专利数据,检验了中国产业政策对企业技术创新的影响。研究发现,产业政策能显著提高被鼓励行业中企业发明专利数量,并且这种正向关系在民营企业中更显著。这说明产业政策可以促进企业创新,尤其是民营企业的技术创新。另外,与一般鼓励相比,产业政策对重点鼓励行业中企业技术创新的影响更大。进一步地,本文检验了产业政策对企业技术创新的具体影响机制,发现产业政策能够通过信贷、税收、政府补贴和市场竞争机制促进重点鼓励行业中企业的技术创新,尤其是民营企业的技术创新。同时,产业政策能够通过市场竞争机制促进一般鼓励行业中企业的技术创新,但是政府补贴、信贷和税收机制的作用不显著。本文丰富和拓展了产业政策有效性和企业创新的相关研究。同时,本文研究表明,政府应该逐步消除民营企业面临的各种政策歧视,采取合理的产业政策手段来推动产业结构优化升级和促进经济增长方式转变。Based on the general encouraged and key encouraged industry development planning in ＂Five- Year Plan＂ in China, we collect the patent data of A-shared listed companies from 2001 to 2011, and test the impact of industrial policy on corporate technological innovation and its influence mechanism. The results of both the cross section difference estimation and DID model estimation show that industrial policy significantly increases the technological innovation of encouraged industries. We also find that industrial policy has a greater impact on innovation of private enterprises and enterprises in key encouraged industry. Furthermore, we find that industrial policy improves the technological innovation of private enterprises and enterprises in key encouraged industry through the credit mechanism, tax mechanism, government subsidies mechanism, and market competition mechanism. However, industrial policy promotes the technological innovation of enterprises in the general encouraged industry through market competition mechanism, not through the credit mechanism, tax mechanism and government subsidies mechanism. This paper enriches the literature of effectiveness of industrial policy and corporate technological innovation, and provides empirical support that government can make right industrial policy and use different methods to promote corporate technological innovation.

关 键 词：产业政策 企业创新 银行信贷 财政手段 市场竞争 

分 类 号：F260[经济管理—国民经济]