基于尖点突变理论的水平矿柱稳定性研究  

Stability Analysis of Horizontal Pillar Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory

作　　者：吴爱祥[1,2] 于少峰[1,2] 韩斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]教育部金属矿山高效开采与安全重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学,北京100083

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2016年第12期40-46,共7页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50934002;51074013)

摘　　要：龙首矿岩体复杂破碎,为研究其贫矿体大面积开采过程中预留的30m厚水平矿柱能否保证地表及井下采场结构的稳定,基于尖点突变理论对水平矿柱稳定性进行了分析,并利用SURPAC、ANSYS以及FLAC3D等三维数值模拟软件对矿柱稳定性进行了研究。通过GPS地表监测,验证了理论计算与数值模拟结果的可靠度。结果表明:矿柱失稳与否,与岩体强度无关,其中水平应力和矿柱长度越大,越不利于矿柱的稳定,贫矿开采过程中只要做到及时充填采空区,提高充填接顶率,预留30m厚的水平保安矿柱不会发生突变失稳破坏;水平保安矿柱的塑性区分布及其最大主应力变化都在可控的范围内,其中矿柱最大主应力变化较小,由贫矿开采前的24.56MPa增大至27.25MPa,说明贫矿开采并没有对保安矿柱产生过大的应力集中,在预留厚度为30m的情况下,保安矿柱能够保证稳定;采空区充填后,由于充填体的支撑作用,水平保安矿柱能够充分发挥其承载能力,保持地表及井下岩体的稳定,可以保证矿山安全生产。Rock mass of the Longshou Mine is complex and fractured. To study whether the reserved horizontal pillar with a thickness of 30 m could ensure stability of surface and underground stope structures, based on cusp catastrophe theory, three-dimensional numerical simulation softwares like SURPAC, ANSYS and FLAC^3D were employed to study the stability of horizontal pillar in the process of large area mining of the lean ores. Then GPS monitoring was conducted on the ground to verify the reliability of the foregoing theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results. The resuits showed that pillar being stable or not had nothing to do with rock strength, wherein, the bigger the horizontal stress and pillar length, the more instable of the pillar. In the process of lean ores exploitation, timely filling the goaf and sufficiently improve the tight-filling ratio would maintain the safety of pillar with thickness of 30 m. Furthermore, plastic zone distribution and principal stress changes of the horizontal pillar were in the controllable range, and the latter had little variation which increased from 24.56 MPa to 27.25 MPa. It indicated that lean ores exploitation generated little stress concentration on safety pillar, and the safety pillar would be stable when it was designed to be 30 m thick. Finally, after goal filling, due to the support of filling body, the horizontal safety pillar could give full play to its bearing capacity, so as to keep the surface and underground rock mass stable and then to ensure mining safety.

关 键 词：大面积开采 水平矿柱稳定性 尖点突变理论 三维数值模拟 GPS地表监测 

分 类 号：TD853.34[矿业工程—金属矿开采]