亚高原训练对中国优秀女子举重运动员身体机能状态的影响  

Effects of Sub-Altitude Training on the Physiological Functions of the Elite Female Weightlifters

作　　者：于涛[1] 常芸[1] 赵鹏[1] 李翰[1] 李清正[2] 黄俊红[1] YU Tao CHANG Yun ZHAO Peng LI Han LI Qing-zheng HUANG Jun-hong(China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China Beijins Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100075,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京市体育科学研究所,北京100075

出　　处：《体育科学》2016年第12期67-71,共5页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局科研项目资助(2015HT028);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本15-15)

摘　　要：近年来,亚高原训练不断应用在力量项目中,但亚高原训练对中国优秀女子举重运动员机体的影响鲜有报道。目的:探讨亚高原训练对中国优秀女子举重运动员携氧能力、内分泌水平以及免疫机能的影响。方法:监测分析中国国家队7个级别共计21名女子举重运动员在北京(海拔31m)-安徽石关(海拔847m,35天)-北京训练周期中的血液生理生化指标(全血中红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、白细胞数、淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比,血清中睾酮水平、皮质醇水平、肌酸激酶水平、尿素水平)。结果:亚高原训练对中国优秀女子举重运动员的红细胞数和血红蛋白含量及红细胞压积有提高作用,并引起血睾酮水平的增加;亚高原训练对运动员的白细胞水平以及中性粒细胞百分比和淋巴细胞百分比影响并不十分显著,但提示,亚高原训练对个别运动员的免疫机能存在影响。结论:亚高原训练对提高运动员的携氧能力和合成代谢有积极的作用,同时,对运动员训练负荷和机体免疫情况的监控以及保障运动员取得更好的训练成绩也十分重要。Objective： Sub-altitude training has been increasingly applied in strength sports. However, little is known about the effect of sub-altitude training in elite Chinese female weightlifters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sub-altitude training on the oxygencarrying capacity, endocrine responses and immune functions in elite Chinese female weightlifters. Methods. Haemotolugieal parameters （ red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hemstoerit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume, write blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage）, serum testosterone end eortisol levels, serum ereafine kinase activity, and serum urea nitrogen level were tested in 21 elite Chinese female weightlifters frcan seven categories in Beijing（31m above sea level）, Shiguan in Anhui（847m above sea level, 35 days）. Resultsz Sub-altitude training is beneficial for the weightlifters to enhance the red blood cell number, hemoglobin and hematoerit. In addition, the serum testosterone level was elevated. Although we didn＇t observed an obvious alteration in the white blood cell number, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, there were individuals who caught a cold during the sub-altitude training. Conclusion, Sub-altitude training showed a positive effect on the improvement of the oxygen-carrying capacity and anabolism of the elite Chinese female weightlifters. Monitoring of the training load and immune functions will be helpful to the athletes to achieve better training results.

关 键 词：亚高原训练 举重 女子 运动员 携氧能力 内分泌 免疫功能 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]