我国优秀赛艇女子单桨运动员实船运动生物力学特征研究  

Research on Biomechanics Characteristics of Chinese Elite Women's Rower Based on Real Boat Measurements

作　　者：陈炜[1] 程亮亮[2] 杨栋栋 李勤 刘扬[5] CHEN Wei CHENG Liang-liang YANG Dong-dong LI Qin LIU Yang(Anhui Institute of Sports Science, Hefei 230001, China Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230009, China Anhui Water Sports Center, Hefei 230000,China Hebei Water Sports Center, ShiJiazhuang 050051, China Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031,China.)

机构地区：[1]安徽省体育科学技术研究所,安徽合肥230001 [2]合肥师范学院,安徽合肥230009 [3]安徽省水上运动管理中心,安徽合肥230000 [4]河北省体育局水上运动管理中心,河北石家庄050051 [5]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《体育科学》2016年第12期72-76,共5页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家赛艇队备战2016年巴西里约奥运会水上实船运动生物力学专项科技服务(2015H7058)

摘　　要：采用自主研发的赛艇实船运动生物力学测试系统对我国优秀女子单桨运动员进行技术测试与评定。结果表明:1)我国优秀女子赛艇单桨运动员存在前发力、中发力和后发力3种典型的发力模式。根据我国女子单桨运动员普遍存在的桨力曲线后弧下降过快的问题,建议采用以前发力模式为主的平稳用力方式。2)我国优秀女子赛艇单桨运动员在低桨频下的拉桨幅度达到了著名赛艇运动生物力学专家Varely提出的90°的金标准,但随着桨频的提高幅度减小至83°,这可能与不正确的回桨模式有关。3)我国优秀女子赛艇单桨运动员普遍存在入水角度偏小、出水角度偏大的问题,通过实例表明,在拉桨幅度保持不变的条件下,可以通过调整脚蹬板相对于船中心线的位置调节入水角度和出水角度之间的相对大小。4)相对于一般水平双单组合,高水平双单组合无论在动作外观还是在桨力力学特征上都具有较高的一致性,教练员和运动员在平常训练中应注重通过实船测试法去关注肉眼看不见的内在力学特征的一致性。This paper uses the biomechanical system on water to test Chinese elite rower. The main conclusions are as follow： 1） There are three kinds of force pattern., front force, middle force and back force of Chinese elite rowers. According to the problem of the decline of the back arc of thc forcc curvc, this study suggests a steady force mcthod, which is bascd on the main feature of front force. 2） Chinese elite rowers in the low stroke rate reached 90 degrees, which is the gold standard proposed by the famous rowing biomechanics Varely. But with the improvement of stroke rate, the total angle is reduced. 3 ） Moving the stretcher position can make the force-angle curve moving to the left at maintaining the entire angle constant, which increased the catch angle and reduced the release angle. 4） High level w2- have high consistency both in the appearance of the motion and the force curve characteristics. Coaches and athletes should pay more attention to the intrinsic mechanical properties of the action.

关 键 词：赛艇 单桨 实船测试 技术分析 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]