不同条件下核桃青皮腐解物对土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of walnut(Juglans sigillata)husk decomposition on soil fertility under various conditions

作　　者：马红叶[1] 潘学军[1] 张文娥[1] 彭剑[1] MA Hongye PAN Xuejun ZHANG Wene PENG Jian(Agricultural College ,Guizhou University/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops ,Guiyang,Ouizhou 550025 ,Chin)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院/贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第12期88-98,106,共12页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD23B03);贵州省科技重大专项([2011]6011号)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同腐解条件下核桃青皮腐解物对土壤化学和生物学性质的影响,探讨核桃青皮的还田效应,筛选最佳腐解条件,为有效利用核桃青皮提供科学依据。【方法】以铁核桃青皮为试材,将核桃青皮与土壤混合进行腐解试验,研究不同腐解时间（0,10,20,30,40,50,60d）、腐解温度（15,25,35℃）以及青皮与土壤不同配比（0∶100（CK）,1∶100,5∶100,10∶100,质量比）条件下核桃青皮腐解对土壤化学特性、养分含量、酶活性和微生物数量的影响。【结果】在不同腐解时间试验中,与0d（未腐解）处理相比,核桃青皮腐解降低了土壤EC值和过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性,提高了蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有机碳、有机质含量以及真菌、放线菌数量的最大值多出现在10~30d,其中又以20d居多。在不同腐解温度处理中,除全氮、全磷、全钾含量及过氧化氢酶活性和放线菌数量外,其他测定指标的峰值均出现在常温（25℃）处理中。青皮与土壤不同配比试验中,土壤pH、EC值、全氮、总有机碳、有机质、全钾含量,以及脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性、放线菌数量大体上随青皮添加比例的增加而增大,当青皮与土壤配比为10∶100时均达最大值。【结论】核桃青皮腐解能有效提高土壤养分含量,增强土壤酶活性,增加微生物数量,可以改善和提高土壤肥力。就改善土壤肥力方面而言,核桃青皮的最佳腐解条件为：腐解时间20d、常温（25℃）和青皮与土壤配比为10∶100。【Objective】The effects of walnut（Juglans sigillata）husk decomposition under various conditions on soil chemical and biological properties were analyzed to determine the feasibility to return walnut husk to soil and the reasonable decomposition conditions.【Method】Walnut husk was decomposed with soil,and the chemical properties,nutrient content,enzymes activity and microbial quantity of soil under different durations（0,10,20,30,40,50,and 60d）,temperatures（15,25,and 35 ℃）and ratios of walnut husk to soil（0∶100（CK）,1∶100,5∶100,and 10∶100）were analyzed.【Result】Under different decomposition durations,decay of walnut husk improved soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced activities of soil catalase and cellulase and EC value comparing with 0d（not decay）.The maximum value of soil nutrition indicators（total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and total organic carbon,organic matter）and fungi and actinomycetes quantity appeared in 10-30 dtreatments,especially in 20 d.Underdifferent decomposition temperatures,in addition to total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,catalase,and actinomycetes,the peak values of other measurement indexes were found at 25℃.Under different concentrations of decomposed walnut husk,soil pH,EC value,contents of total nitrogen,total organic carbon,organic matter and total potassium,activities urease and alkaline phosphatase,and quantity of soil actinomycetes increased with the increase of walnut husk ratio,and the highest values were all observed when the ratio was 10∶100.【Conclusion】Walnut husk decomposition effectively improved the soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity,and quantity of microorganism.The optimal decomposition conditions were shorter durations 20 d,normal temperature（25 ℃）,and high husk concentration（10∶100）.

关 键 词：核桃青皮 腐解条件 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S664.109.9[农业科学—果树学]