腐解菌剂对玉米秸秆降解效果的研究  

Study on degradation of corn stalk by decomposing microbial inoculants

作　　者：青格尔[1] 于晓芳[1] 高聚林[1] 王志刚[1] 闹干朝鲁[1] 王振[1] 胡树平[1] 高琳[1] 胡海红[1] BORJIGIN Qinggeer YU Xiaofang GAO Julin WANG Zhigang BORJIGIN Naoganchaolu WANG Zhen HU Shuping GAO Lin HU Haihong(Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia O10019, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第12期107-116,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B13;2012BAD04B04;2013BAD07B04);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-63)

摘　　要：【目的】研究施用秸秆腐解菌剂对玉米秸秆的促分解效果、养分释放规律及土壤理化特性、养分含量、腐殖质组成和土壤酶活性的影响,为低温地区秸秆快速、高效腐熟以及有机废弃物合理利用提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】以玉米秸秆作为供试材料,选用低温复合菌剂GF-20、中农绿康秸秆型有机物料腐熟剂（以下简称绿康菌剂）、世明生物发酵菌种（以下简称世明菌剂）作为试验菌剂,设置5个处理,分别为：对照1（CK）,土壤＋玉米秸秆＋不施用菌剂;对照2（B）,土壤＋无玉米秸秆＋不施用菌剂;GF,土壤＋玉米秸秆＋菌剂GF-20;LK,土壤＋玉米秸秆＋绿康菌剂;SM,土壤＋玉米秸秆＋世明菌剂,采用室内培养试验,在10℃黑暗条件下培养60d,测定不同处理玉米秸秆降解率、养分释放率以及土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和腐殖质成分与土壤酶活性,最后对添加秸秆腐解菌剂后土壤酶活性与速效养分含量的相关性进行了分析。【结果】在10℃黑暗培养条件下,与CK相比,施用3种秸秆腐解菌剂后均在一定程度上促进了玉米秸秆的分解,加快了秸秆养分的释放,提高了土壤速效养分含量与土壤酶活性,其中以添加低温复合菌剂GF-20的效果最好。秸秆腐解60d后,处理GF的秸秆降解率达36.75%,较处理LK、SM和CK高出9.78%,9.92%和16.38%。处理GF明显提高了土壤酶活性,促进土壤物质转化,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为94.10,14.95和38.36mg/kg,明显高于其他处理;处理GF腐殖质碳含量为21.99g/kg,较其他处理增加1.76~3.68g/kg;处理GF的HI（胡敏酸与胡敏素含量比值）为1.43,较其他处理高0.14~0.45。相关性分析结果显示,添加秸秆腐解菌剂后,土壤酶活性与速效养分含量呈显著或者极显著相关。【结论】在10℃黑暗培养条件下,低温复合菌剂GF-20能更有效促进秸秆分解进程,加快玉米秸秆�【Objective】The present study evaluated the impact of different microbial inoculants on degrading process of corn stalk,characteristics of nutrients release,physical and chemical properties,nutrients,humic substances and soil enzyme activities to provide basis for the utilization of corn stalk decomposing in low temperature region and reasonable use of organic resources.【Method】In this study,corn stalk was used as organic substrates,GF-20 complex mircrobial inoculants at low temperature,and Zhongnonglvkang organic matter-decomposing inoculant and Shiming biological fermentation inoculant were cultured in incubator under dark condition at 10 ℃ for 60 d.Five treatments were used including soil＋corn stalk＋free inoculant（CK）,soil＋free corn stalk＋free inoculant（B）,soil＋corn stalk＋GF-20inoculant（GF）,soil＋corn stalk＋Lvkang inoculant（LK）,and soil＋corn stalk＋Shiming inoculant（SM）.Then,the corn stalk decomposing rate,nutrient release rate,changes in contents of organic matter,alkalystic N,available P,available K and humic acid,and soil enzyme activities were determined.Furthermore,the correlation between soil enzyme activity and available nutrient content after applying straw degradation inoculants was analyzed.【Result】The degradation of corn stalk and nutrient release rates were increased under dark condition at 10℃,and soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activities were enhanced with the best results by GF-20.After 60 days,straw degradation rate of GF was 36.75%,which was 9.78%,9.92% and16.38% higher than that of LK,SM and CK,respectively.Treatments GF significantly improved the soil enzyme activities and the transformation of soil materials.The soil alkalystic N,available P and available K contents were 94.10,14.95 and 38.36 mg/kg,which were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The total carbon content of GF was 21.99g/kg,1.76-3.68g/kg higher than other treatments and the HI was 1.43,0.14-0.45 higher than other treatments.Correlation analy

关 键 词：低温高效玉米秸秆腐解菌剂 养分释放 土壤养分 腐殖质组成 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X712[农业科学—农业基础科学]