生物质炭基肥料对黑麦草生长特性的影响  

Influence of biochar-based fertilizers on growth characteristics of ryegrass

作　　者：孙樱萁 郭建斌[1] 李子富[2] 白晓凤[2] 刘宇[1] SUN Ying GUO Jianbin LI Zifu BAI Xiaofeng LIU Yu(College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第12期117-123,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-IC-14-004)

摘　　要：【目的】研究生物质炭基肥料对黑麦草生长指标的影响,为秸秆利用及生物质炭基肥料的开发应用提供依据。【方法】将玉米秸秆经400℃热解而成的生物质炭与磷酸二氢钾、羧甲基纤维素钠(粘结剂)按不同质量比(1∶1∶0.3,2∶1∶0.3,3∶1∶0.3,4∶1∶0.3)混合造粒制成4种生物质炭基肥料,通过温室盆栽试验,以不施肥作为对照(ck),比较生物质炭和生物质炭基肥料对多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)生长特性的影响,建立肥料中生物质炭含量与黑麦草地上部分鲜质量的拟合模型,筛选出肥料中生物质炭最佳含量。【结果】与ck相比,施用生物质炭及生物质炭基肥料对黑麦草的株高、根系长度、根表面积、生物量等均有提高,但对黑麦草的出苗率却无显著影响(P>0.05)。在所制的4种生物质炭基肥料中,当生物质炭与磷酸二氢钾及粘结剂的质量比为2∶1∶0.3时,对黑麦草生长促进作用明显,播种60d后其株高和地上部分鲜质量较ck分别显著增加了34.51%和70.59%(P<0.05),根长与根表面积分别显著增长了40.04%和59.86%(P<0.05)。由拟合的模型可以看出,随着肥料中生物质炭含量的增加,黑麦草地上部分鲜质量先增加后减少,当肥料中生物质炭含量为61.60%时,即施用31.28g生物质炭与15.00g磷酸二氢钾及4.50g粘结剂混合制备的生物质炭基肥料时,黑麦草地上部分鲜质量最高达3.02g/盆。【结论】施用20g/kg生物质炭基肥料对黑麦草生长存在一定的促进作用,当生物质炭基肥料中生物质炭含量为61.60%时,所制生物质炭基肥料肥效达到最佳。【Objective】This study quantified the influence of biochar-based fertilizers on growth characteristics of ryegrass to provide scientific basis for guiding the development and application of straw-biochar and other biomass-based fertilizers.【Method】Four granulated biochar-based fertilizers were made by mixing biochar made from corn straw after pyrogenation at 400℃ with KH_2PO_4 and CMC with mass ratios of 1∶1∶0.3,2∶1∶0.3,3∶1∶0.3and 4∶1∶0.3.Using pot experiments in the greenhouse,the influences of biochar and biochar-based fertilizers on growth characteristics of ryegrass（Lolium multiflorum）were compared with the control experiment（ck） without fertilizer.Relationship between fresh aboveground weigh of ryegrass and biochar content of the fertilizers was fitted and the optimal biochar con-tent was determined.【Result】All the growth parameters including plant height,root length,root surface area and biomass of ryegrass were increased in the treatments with application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizers compared with those of ck.However,there was no significant（P0.05）influence on the emergence of ryegrass.The best among the four biochar-based fertilizers was the one with the mixing ratio of2∶1∶0.3,which resulted in the highest growth increase,including 34.51%increase of plant height（P0.05）,70.59% of aboveground fresh weight,40.04% of root length and 59.86% of root surface area（P0.05）.Based on the fitted relationship,the fresh aboveground weight of ryegrass firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar content.When the biochar content was 61.60%,i.e.Using the biochar-based fertilizer made from 31.28 g biochar was mixed with 15.00 g KH_2PO_4and 4.50 g CMC,the maximum fresh aboveground weight of ryegrass of 3.02 g was obtained.【Conclusion】The application of 20g/kg biochar-based fertilizers promoted the growth of ryegrass and the optimal biochar content of fertilizer was 61.60%.

关 键 词：生物质炭基肥料 黑麦草 生长特性 配比模型 

分 类 号：S141.6[农业科学—肥料学]