草原植物基础生物学研究进展与展望  

Advances and Prospects of Grassl and Plant Basic Biology Research

作　　者：侯向阳[1] Hou Xiangyang(Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2016年第2期67-76,共10页China Basic Science

基　　金：973计划(2014CB138806);国家国际科技合作项目(2013DFR30760);内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目(2015ZD02)

摘　　要：草原植物不仅维持着草原的生态功能,也是巨大的基因资源宝库。近年来我国草原植物基础生物学研究发展较快,但相对于模式植物和栽培作物的研究,其系统性和深入性还有较大差距。本文综述了国内外学者在草原植物的光合、繁殖、代谢生理、植物抗逆适应、组学、植物-动物-微生物互作机制以及生物多样性和气候变化等方面取得的进展。面对国家保障生态安全和食物安全的战略需求,草原植物利用和挖掘潜力巨大,因此,加强草原植物基础生物学研究具有重要的战略意义。应重点加强草原重要植物基础生物学、草原植物特有耐逆基因的挖掘与利用、放牧利用和气候变化背景下草原植物适应与微进化机制、草原植物-微生物-家畜跨营养级互作机制等方面的研究,对推动我国草原恢复生态学、保护生物学等相关学科发展,保障国家生态安全、食物安全具有重大战略意义。Grassland plant is not only maintaining the grass-land ecological function but also great genetic resources bank. Compared with the model plant and crop cultiva-tion research, the development of basic biological re-search is rapid for grassland plant in recent years in China, but the systematic and depth has still larger gap. The paper presents a review of home and aboard in grassland study, including grassland plant photosynthet-ic and respiration physiology, reproductive biology, me-tabolism, plant stress-tolerance and adaptation, genom-ics, the interaction mechanism of Plant-animals-micro-bial, biodiversity and climate change. In the face of na-tional ecological security and food security strategy needs, the use and mining potential of grassland plants is tremendous. Therefore, strengthening the grassland plant biology research has important strategic signifi-cance. The study of strengthening the grassland impor-tant plant basic biology, Mining and utilization of grass-land plants unique inverse resistance genes, grassland plants and micro evolution mechanism under grazing uti-lization and adapt to climate change, the interaction mechanism grassland of plant-microbial-livestock, will have great strategic significance for the grassland resto-ration ecology, conservation biology, national ecological security and food security.

关 键 词：草原植物 基础生物学 气候变化 逆境胁迫 放牧干扰 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]