金属材料喷射沉积3D打印工艺  

Three-dimensional printing technology based on metal spray and deposition

作　　者：单忠德[1] 杨立宁[1] 刘丰[1] 戎文娟[1] 刘倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]机械科学研究总院先进成形技术与装备国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第11期3642-3647,共6页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：机械科学研究总院技术发展基金项目(201406)~~

摘　　要：针对现有金属材料3D打印技术存在成本高、效率低的问题，提出一种由三维CAD模型驱动数控系统，直接实现多品种、小批量、结构复杂金属零部件柔性、高效制造的方法—喷射沉积3D打印成形，介绍该工艺原理。搭建了实验平台，并以铋锡合金为成形材料，采用单道、单层、实体分层次的工艺试验过程，分别研究喷头孔径、喷头移动速度、送气速度对单道成形轨迹的影响，成形路径、路径搭接率对单层成形表面形貌的影响，最后对喷射沉积3D打印成形铋锡合金实体的断口进行观察。研究结果表明：当喷头孔径为0.6 mm、送气速度为10 mL/min、喷头移动速度为10 mm/s时，所得单道成形轨迹均匀性较好；当采用S形路径及搭接率为50%时，可以获得较高质量单层成形表面；喷射沉积3D打印技术可以实现金属件的快速高效制造，成形效率可达50 cm3/h，为现有成熟金属件3D打印成形技术的2~3倍。A three-dimensional printing （3DP） method was demonstrated based on spray and deposition techniques to advance the development in China＆#39;s manufacturing industry and to address the high cost and low efficiency problems of the existing metal 3D printing technologies. Using a 3D-computer aided drawing （CAD） model-driven computer numerical control （CNC） system, multi-species, small quantities, and complex metal parts can be manufactured directly using 3DP. Single-channel and single-layer forming experiments were conducted on Sn-Bi alloy to examine the influence of different nozzle apertures, nozzle speeds, aspiration speed, forming paths, and lapping rate on track forming and the surface morphology. The 3DP method was then used for block forming; the fracture morphology of the structure was evaluated. The results show that the single-channel forming track has better uniformity under the following conditions：a nozzle aperture of 0.6 mm, an aspiration speed of 10 mL/min, and a nozzle speed of 10 mm/s;When use the S-shaped path and the path overlap rate is 50%, the formed single-layer surface quality is better;The 3DP technology bases on spray and deposition allows for fast and efficient manufacture of metal parts. The forming efficiency is 50 cm3/h, which is two to three-fold that of existing metal 3DP technologies.

关 键 词：3D打印 喷射沉积 铋锡合金 

分 类 号：TH164[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]