综合指数法定量评价玉米氮肥施用综合效应  

Quantitative assessment on effects of N application on maize with integrated evaluation index

作　　者：刘慧颖[1] 牛世伟[1] 董环[1] LIU Hui-ying NIU Shi-wei DONG Huan(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang Liaoning 110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第6期106-110,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039和201303126);国家科技支撑课题(2012BAD14B04)

摘　　要：针对传统农业技术措施的评价方法难以兼顾产量、品质、环境和资源成本等多因素的现状,采用戒上型隶属函数确定考核指标的隶属度值,采用相关分析法确定考核指标的权重系数,应用综合指数法定量、定性地对以氮肥施用综合效应为例的农业技术措施评价方法做了初步探讨。数据基于3年定位试验,研究不施氮肥、农民传统施氮、比传统施氮减氮20%的优化施肥、减氮20%配合秸秆还田、减氮20%施用包膜尿素对耕型壤质草甸土区玉米年际产量、土壤养分综合指数、肥料利用率、氮收获指数、氧化亚氮季节排放总量的影响。考核指标根据本试验设计的主要研究目的而选取。试验结果显示:减氮20%施用包膜尿素处理和减氮20%配合秸秆还田处理的综合评价指数分别比优化施肥处理高出37.0%和30.1%,比农民习惯施肥处理高出了33.2%和27.5%。根据试验技术措施的综合指数定量评价,建议推广比农民习惯施肥量减少氮量20%的包膜尿素一次性施入在玉米生产中的应用。As traditional methods of assessment on agricultural technology seldom simultaneously gave attention to all aspects of farm production such as yield, soil fertility, food quality, resources efficiency, environmental pollution etc, integrated evalu-ation index （ IEI） was introduced as a new evaluation method of agricultural technology in this paper. The membership rates of each index in IEI were determined by upper limited membership function, and weight values of evaluation indices were calculat-ed by correlation analysis method. This method was used to quantitatively assess on the comprehensive effects of different N ap-plication on maize. The effects of no nitrogen fertilization （ CK） , farmer practice N fertilization （ FP） , optimized N fertiliza-tion （OPT）, optimized N fertilization with straw returning （OPTS） and coated urea fertilization （CRF） on maize inter-an-nual yield, soil quality index, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and average seasonal total N2 O fluxes were in-vestigated from 2009-2011. The results showed that IEI of CRF treatment and OPTS treatment were 37. 0% and 30. 1% high-er than that of OPT, 33. 2% and 27. 5% higher than that of FP. Therefore, coated urea treatment which reduced 20% N ap-plication was proposed to apply in maize.

关 键 词：综合指数法 定量评价 氮肥施用 综合效应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]