马铃薯内生固氮菌的分离及其促生特性研究  

Isolation and functional characterizations of potato endogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria

作　　者：张磊[1] 袁梅[2] 孙建光[2] 樊明寿[1] 高淼[2] 郑红丽[1] ZHANG Lei YUAN Mei SUN Jian-guang FAN Ming-shou GAO Miao ZHENG Hong-li(College of Agrono- my, Inner Mongolia Agricuhural University, Huhhot Inner Mongolia 010010 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Re- gional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preserva- tion, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100051)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部农业微生物资源收集与保藏重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第6期139-145,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203045);中央级公益性科研院所专项资金资助项目(IARRP-2014-20);国家自然科学基金"氮素营养对马铃薯块茎形成的影响及其机制"(31360502)

摘　　要：内生固氮菌是一类重要的植物促生菌,占据着植物组织内有利于营养供应和微环境适宜的生态位,能更好的发挥促生功能,促生机制包括固氮、解磷、产植物生长素、产ACC脱氨酶、产铁载体及拮抗病害等。本文从连作3年马铃薯根筛选获得8株内生固氮菌,其中短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacterium)3株,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)3株和泛菌属(Pantoea)2株。促生特性研究发现:菌株Brevibacterium sp.GWR4具有较高固氮酶活性[16.206nmol C2H4/(mg蛋白质·h)],与圆褐固氮菌的固氮酶活性具有极显著性差异(P<0.01);菌株Pantoea spp.GWR2、GWR3具有极高的产IAA能力,分别为186.07、162.21μg/m L,GWR2兼具产ACC脱氨酶活性[3.74μmol/(mg蛋白质·h)],GWR3兼具溶解无机磷的能力;菌株Brevibacterium sp.GWR5可以拮抗尖孢镰刀菌MLSOF(Fusarium xysporum)和茄病镰刀菌MLS-QB(Fusarium solani),兼具溶解有机磷和产IAA能力;Bacillus spp.GWR7、GWR8兼具固氮和产IAA能力。盆栽试验显示,分别接种Pantoea sp.GWR3,Brevibacterium spp.GWR4、GWR5和Bacillus spp.GWR7、GWR8后小白菜鲜重显著高于未接菌对照处理。可见,这5株菌兼具多种促生特性且对小白菜具有较好的促生效果,有望进一步研究开发成为微生物肥料生产菌种。Endogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria is one of important plant promoting growth bacteria and occupies the plant tissue which is conductive to nutrient supply and suitable micro ecological environment and can better promote growth. The promoting plant growth mechanisms includes nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production, ACC-deaminase pro-duction and suppression of pathogens. In this study, eight endogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the root of po-tato and were identified as Brevibacterium （ 3 ） , Bacillus （ 3 ） , and Pantoea （ 2 ） . The results of functional characterizations showed that the nitrogenase activity of Brevibacterium sp. GWR4 was 16. 206 nmol C2 H4/（ mg protein·h） , which was signifi-cantly higher （P〈0. 01） than that of Azotobacter charoococcum. Pantoea spp. GWR2 with ACC-deaminase activity and GWR3 with solubilization of inorganic phosphate had high capacities of IAA-production with 186. 07 μg/mL and 162. 21 μg/mL, re-spectively. Brevibacterium sp. GWR5, with solubilization of organic phosphate and production of IAA, had the capability to antagonize the growth of Fusarium solani MLS-QB and Fusarium xysporum MLS-OF. Bacillus spp. GWR7 and GWR8 had the nitrogenase activities and produced IAA. The pot trial showed that the fresh weights of Chinese cabbage inoculated with GWR3, GWR4, GWR5, GWR7, GWR8 were significantly higher than that with no inoculation control, respectively. The five bacte-ria with functional characterizations should have good application prospect.

关 键 词：马铃薯 内生固氮菌 促生特性 多功能菌 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S182