寿光2016年冬季气候对农业生产的影响  

Winter Climate's Impact on Agricultural Production of Shouguang in 2016

作　　者：徐风霞[1] 王晓立 张芹 王琛[1] 

机构地区：[1]寿光市气象局,山东寿光262700 [2]潍坊市气象局,山东潍坊261011

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第36期142-145,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：潍坊市气象局气象科学技术研究项目"潍坊市气候变化对农业的影响及应对措施"(2014wfqxkt11)

摘　　要：笔者利用寿光市2016年冬季的气候资料,通过对冬季温度、降水、光照等要素的统计分析,科学评估了寿光市2016年冬季气候资源对农业生产的影响,为寿光冬春季农业生产防灾减灾提供参考依据。结合农业灾情调查资料,结果表明:寿光2016年冬季气候特征对农业生产的影响利弊并存:一方面,初冬气温偏高,冬小麦未得到抗寒锻炼,不利于安全越冬,以至于后期寒潮强降温天气导致部分地段出现冻害;同时,因冬季雾、霾、阴天等寡照日数偏多以及1月下旬强寒潮天气的影响,导致日光温室蔬菜产量和品质下降,蔬菜价格居高不下;另一方面,寒潮低温天气有利于杀灭虫卵,减少害虫越冬基数,减轻病虫害;2月中旬一场罕见的雨雪,增加了土壤含水量,有效缓解了旱情,为春季农业生产奠定较好基础。总体上看,冬季出现的寒潮、雾霾、低温寡照等极端气候事件对农业生产的影响弊大于利。According to statistical analysis of winter temperature,precipitation,sunshine and other elements,combined with winter climate data in 2016 and agricultural disaster survey data of Shouguang,the authorsscientifically assess the impact of winter climate resources in 2016 on agricultural production in Shouguang toprovide reference for disaster prevention and reduction in agricultural production in winter and spring. Theresults showed that winter climate characteristics had advantages and disadvantages to agricultural production,on the one hand,the temperature of early winter was a little high,thus winter wheat did not get cold resistancetraining,which was not good for wheat to live through winter,therefore,strong cold weather led to freeze injuryin some areas lately; at the same time,the increase of thick haze,cloudy and rainy weather,and strong coldwave in late January all resulted in the decline of the production and quality of greenhouse vegetables,as wellas high vegetable prices; on the other hand,the cold wave and low temperature was good for killing worm eggs,reducing the number of pests living through winter and relieving insects damage; a rare rain and snow in themid-February of 2016 increased soil water content and alleviated the drought,laying a preferable foundationfor agricultural production in spring. Overall,the effects of extreme weather events such as the cold wave,haze,low temperature and sunlight shortage on agricultural production in winter had more harm than good.

关 键 词：冬季气候 农业生产 影响 寿光 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学]