牛场肥水灌溉对不同土层氨氧化古菌群落结构和多样性的影响  

Effects of Dairy Farm Nutritious Effluent Irrigation on Community Structure and Diversity of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea in Soil of Different Layer

作　　者：闫建华[1,2] 刘丽丽[1] 张克强[2] 杜会英[2] 王小非[2] 高文萱[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津300387 [2]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2017年第1期10-18,共9页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371481);2016年出国(境)培训项目(P163020024)

摘　　要：采用T-RFLP和克隆文库技术,以河北省保定市徐水县梁家营试验田为研究对象,以氨单加氧酶基因amo A为分子标记,研究牛场肥水灌溉对0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层氨氧化古菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明,不同处理下0~20 cm土层中AOA群落结构未发生显著变化,但部分处理能够显著改变20~40 cm土层中AOA的群落结构,其中CF,T1,T3和T6处理使片段52 bp相对丰度大幅增加,上升为优势菌种,T2处理促使片段97 bp成为优势菌种。部分施肥处理使土层中AOA群落多样性发生显著变化,其中T1处理使0~20 cm土层AOA群落多样性显著提高,T5处理使20~40 cm土层AOA群落多样性显著提高,但所有施肥处理都未使两土层AOA群落均匀度发生显著改变。同样浓度氮素(CF,T3和T5处理,约300 kg·hm-2)施肥水平下,牛场肥水灌溉相比常规施肥,灌溉次数少且肥水浓度高(T5处理)更有利于20~40 cm土层中AOA群落多样性的发展。另外,研究发现,0~20 cm土层与20~40 cm土层中AOA群落结构差异极大,说明土壤氨氧化古菌在垂直分布上可能存在明显差异。两土层中绝大部分氨氧化古菌属于Cluster S,少数属于Unclassified-Archaea。牛场肥水灌溉对不同土层AOA群落结构和多样性影响差异较大。In this study, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） and clone library construction were applied to study the effects of dairy effluent fertilizing on bio-diversity of AOA in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer, which derived from experi- mental plots in Xushui country, Baoding city, Hebei province of China. The results revealed that under different treatments community structure of AOA was not altered significantly in soil of 0-20 cm layer, but several treatments significantly changed community struc- ture of AOA in soil of 20-40 cm layer. For example, CF, T1, T3 and T6 treatment dramatically increased the relative abundance of 52 bp, becoming one of the dominant species in AOA, and T2 treatments increased the relative abundance of 97 bp. Diversity of AOA community was altered in diverse fertilizer treatments.T1 treatment significantly improved community diversity of AOA in soil of 0-20 cm layer and T5 treatment increased community diversity （in Shannon-Wiener H and Simpson D index） of AOA in soil of 20-40 cm layer significantly, but all fertilizer treatments did not ahert Piclou E index in soils. At the same fertilizer nitrogen levels （about 300 kg. hm^-2）, dairy effluent fertilizer with less times and higher concentration（T5 treatment）,was more advantageous to the diversity development of AOA in soil of 20-40 cm layer compared to conventional fertilization （CF）. In addition, a sharp difference was observed in community structure of AOA between two layers, indicating strict vertical distribution of AOA as reported before. Besides, most of AOA in our research belonged to Cluster S, the rest belonged to Unclassified-Archaea. Dairy effluent fertilizer with less times and higher concentration was benefit for AOA community diversity development in deep soil layers.

关 键 词：AOA 肥水灌溉 群落多样性 T-RFLP 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]