河南濮阳一次严重雾霾天气成因分析  

Cause Analysis of a Serious Fog and Haze Weather in Puyang City of Henan Province

作　　者：许庆娥 

机构地区：[1]河南省濮阳市气象局,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第34期183-187,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：利用常规气象资料、地面自动站数据和大气环境监测等资料,从环流形势、地面气象要素变化、维持机制等方面,对2015年12月23—25日河南濮阳一次严重雾霾天气成因进行分析。结果表明,雾霾期间高空以纬向环流为主,无明显冷空气影响。中低空下沉气流的存在有助于近地层弱风条件和稳定层结的建立,中低层弱的冷暖平流的交替出现以及持续稳定的地面均压场分布,为此次严重雾霾天气提供了有利的环流形势;在持续较低气压和较小地面风速的大背景下,PM_(2.5)浓度稳定升高,以及入夜后气温降低而相对湿度增大的地面气象条件,是此次严重雾霾天气过程产生和维持的主要原因;边界层逆温的长时间存在是这次严重雾霾天气得以维持近60 h的重要原因,雾顶高度与逆温层顶的高度变化有很好的对应关系,对雾霾天气形成、发展、维持、消散的预报具有较好的指示意义;受地形阻挡作用,冷空气在东移南下过程中,分股扩散南下,造成华北平原气压梯度小;能见度下降和持续性污染与PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度增长有关,较高的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)值的同时出现和长时间维持是导致严重雾霾天气的又一原因。Using conventional meteorological data, ground automatic station data and atmospheric environmental monitoring data, the cause of a serious fog and haze weather in Puyang during December 23 -25 in 2015 were analyzed from the synoptic situation, surface meteorological factors change and maintaining mechanism. The results showed that the high altitude zonal circulation was dominant in the fog and haze period, and the influence of the cold air was not obvious. In the middle and lower layer the downdraft had contributed to the formation of weak wind conditions near and the establishment of stable stratification. The alternation of cold and warm advection in the middle and lower layers and the stable ground pressure distribution provided a favorable circulation for the severe fog and haze weather. The PM2.5 concentration increased steadily in the back- ground of a persistent lower air pressure and small ground wind speed, and the ground meteorological conditions that the temperature decreasedd and relative humidity increased, which was the main reason for the production and maintenance of the severe fog and haze weather process. Long time boundary layer inversion was an important cause of the severe fog and haze weather keeping nearly 60 h, the fog top height and the change of inversion layer top had a good corresponding relationship which had well indication significance to the formation, development, maintenance and dissipation of the fog and haze weather. Under the terrain blocking effect,in the process of cold air moving to the southeast, the pressure gra- dient in plain of North China was small because of the split southward cold air. Decreased visibility and persistent pollution were related to the growth of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, the higher PM2.5 and PM10 values appear at the same time and long time maintenance was another reason lead to severe fog and haze weather.

关 键 词：严重雾霾 环流形势 地面气象要素 边界层逆温 PM2.5和PM10浓度 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学]