工业园区典型行业废水的理化性质及急性毒性  

Physicochemical properties and acute toxicities of typical industrial effluents

作　　者：刘红磊[1] 李艳英[1] 于丹[1] 邵晓龙[1] 张彦[1] 李慧[1] LIU Honglei LI Yanying YU Dan SHAO Xiaolong ZHANG Yan LI Hui(Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China)

机构地区：[1]天津市环境保护科学研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《环境化学》2016年第12期2582-2591,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家"十二五"水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"重点流域典型工业园区水污染防治技术评估和管理制度研究"(2014ZX07504-005)资助~~

摘　　要：利用理化检测和发光细菌法对天津市某工业园区内16家行业典型企业的进出水进行理化分析和急性毒性试验.结果表明,16家企业原水水质较差,且废水的污染特征差异明显.发光细菌毒性试验表明,16家企业原水对发光细菌的急性毒性等级在重毒以上的比例占到81.25%.预处理后,废水的常规指标基本上满足园区污水处理厂收水标准,但部分企业出水中仍能检出一定浓度的非常规污染物.预处理后,企业废水的整体毒性得到有效削减,低毒和中毒的比例分别达到了25%和37.5%.相关性分析实验表明,企业原水急性毒性与各化学参数间均无相关性,企业出水的急性毒性则与化学需氧量(r=-0.589,P<0.05)、总磷(r=-0.566,P<0.05)、镍(r=-0.670,P<0.01)、铊(r=-0.659,P<0.01)、铅(r=-0.684,P<0.01)、镉(r=-0.678,P<0.01)、六价铬(r=-0.682,P<0.01)具有显著相关性.将理化性质与急性毒性指标有机结合起来,能够更加全面、准确的判断工业废水水质状况.建议在制订工业园区纳管标准时设置急性毒性指标.Physico-chemical analysis and luminescent bacteria acute toxicity assays were applied to industrial effluents from 16 enterprises in Tianjin City before and after wastewater treatment. The results indicated that the raw industrial effluents had bad quality with many toxic pollutants being inferior to standard. 81.25% raw industrial effluents presented a very high level of toxicity with relative luminosity below 50%. After wastewater treatment, the percentage of the industrial effluents with low toxicity and medium toxicity reached 25% and 37.5% respectively. Nevertheless, the effluents still contained some level of toxic substances. The correlation analysis indicates that there is no correlation between acute toxicity and physico-chemical indexes in raw industrial effluents. However, significant correlation was observed between acute toxicity and seven pollutants in the treated effluents such as chemical oxygen demand （r =-0.589, P〈0.05） , total phosphorus （r = -0.566, P〈0.05）, nickel （r=-0.670, P〈0.01）, thallium （r=-0.659, P〈0.01）, lead （r= -0.684, P〈 0.01 ）, cadmium （ r = - 0.678, P 〈 0.01 ） and hexavalent chromium （ r = - 0. 682, P〈0.01 ）. It is believed that the combined physicochemical analysis and acute toxicity testing can improve the judgement accurally on the industrial wastewater quality.

关 键 词：企业废水 发光细菌 理化性质 急性毒性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]