骨头^(14)C-AMS测年前处理方法的研究进展  

Recent advances of the pretreatment approaches for ^(14)C-AMS dating in bone

作　　者：杜花[1,2] 熊晓虎[1,2] 付云翀[1,2] 牛振川[1,2] 卢雪峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061 [2]陕西省加速器质谱技术及应用重点实验室西安加速器质谱中心,西安710061

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2016年第6期547-555,共9页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ201409)~~

摘　　要：骨头是考古和地质领域常用的测年物质之一,由于它松散的结构特点,使得在埋藏过程中极易受到外界年轻碳的污染,从而造成^(14)C测年的不可靠性,但是由于其在考古^(14)C测年中的不可或缺性,因此需要对其测年的可靠性进行系统的研究,通过有效的^(14)C-AMS测年前处理方案移除污染以获得准确的年龄一直是研究的热点和难点问题。骨头的埋葬环境及保存状态的好坏直接影响它测年结果的准确度,于是选用何种测年物质和分离技术及样品状况之间的权衡甚为重要。本文主要针对骨头的^(14)C-AMS测年发展进行简要的综述,分别从骨化石在埋葬过程中的组成及性质变化、骨胶原的分析评价技术及各种前处理方案进行了介绍,并对其当前的发展状况及纯化新技术进行了分析,此外也提及了采用逐步燃烧法作为一种新方法的尝试,认为此方法为骨头可靠^(14)C测年物质的获取提供了一条新途径,希望本文能对以后的测年工作提供指导和帮助。Background, aim, and scope Bone is one of widely used dating materials in the field of archaeology and geochronology, it represents a significant repository of archaeological information and, within an archaeological context, bones acquire increasing importance especially when they are the only available material at a given site. Bone＇s chemical treatments for radiocarbon dating has drawn the attention of many laboratories because dates of bones and charcoals found in the same layer often disagree. Human and animal bones contain carbon in both organic and inorganic form, with collagen being the commonly analyzed fraction for radiocarbon dating of the buried bones, but isolation of bone collagen for 14C dating is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process that sometimes results in unacceptably low protein recovery, so it is still a hot spot and difficult problem for scientists to remove contamination by effective purification plan and produce accurate 14C-AMS dating ages. The content and the quality of collagen can vary significantly, mainly depending on bone preservation, so how to choose the dating materials or purification methods is important for bone depending on the sample status. Materials and methods In this article we briefly reviewed the recent advances of the pretreatment approaches for 14C-AMS dating of bone, separately introduced the chemical composition and natures of fossil bone during the buffed process, the evaluation and analysis technology of collagen and various kinds of pretreatment methods. Moreover, for 2 archaeological bone samples we have analysed the quality of collagen indicators, adopted the stepped-combustion method to extract the different components of collagens, prepared them into graphites respectively for dating using AMS. Results We simply described the quality of the collagen indicators, it included that the collagen content, the content of C, N and C/N value, the stable C and N isotope analysis, the infrared spectrum and the ion beam analysis etc, we can evaluate the preser

关 键 词：骨头 14C-AMS 骨胶原 XAD-2树脂 超滤 氨基酸 磷灰石 

分 类 号：K854[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P597.3[历史地理—历史学]