甘肃中部干旱山区党参覆膜栽培技术研究  

Study on technique of film mulching cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula in central arid mountain area of Gansu Province

作　　者：代立兰 王嵛德 张怀山[2] 赵亚兰 徐琼 牛元 庄建 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所农业部兰州黄土高原生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2016年第6期52-55,共4页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：兰州市人才创新创业项目专项-甘肃润枫源农牧生态科技有限公司黄芪GAP基地建设(2015-RC-31);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-08)

摘　　要：针对甘肃中部干旱山区光照、积温不足,降雨量偏少,党参露地栽培生长周期长,产值效益低等问题,以渭党1号党参为参试品种,以传统露地栽培为对照,研究4种栽培A1（白地膜沉降栽培）、A2（白地膜平覆栽培）、A3（黑地膜沉降栽培）、A4（黑地膜平覆栽培）方式中的土壤水分、土壤温度、苗期、出苗率以及根长、径粗、单根重等经济性状的差异性。结果表明,与传统露地栽培相比,采用地膜覆盖具有更强的保水性能,地膜覆盖对于土壤的昼夜温度变化具有一定影响作用,采用地膜覆盖可以提高党参生产的经济效益,A1（白地膜沉降栽培）、A2（白地膜平覆栽培）、A3（黑地膜沉降栽培）、A4（黑地膜平覆栽培）4种栽培方式平均增产14.74%~93.52%。A1与A2、A3、A4、A5（CK）之间的根长、单根鲜重以及折算产量差异显著（P〈=0.05）,旱地党参最适宜的栽培方式为白膜沉降式栽培。In view of the problems of insufficient illumination and accumulated temperature, less rainfall, long growth cycle, and low output value and benefit of Codonopsis pilosula under open field cultivation in central arid mountain area of Gansu Province,the differences of soil moisture, soil temperature, seedling, germination rate and root length, diameter and root economic traits of Codonopsis pilosula variety Weidang 1 under 4 cultivation conditions were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the traditional cultivation, plastic film mulching was found to have stronger water holding capacity, which had a certain effect on the change of the temperature of the day and night. By 4 cultivation methods, A1（white plastic film cover on the ditch）, A2（white plastic film cover on the flat ground）, A3（black plastic film cover on the ditch） and A4（black plastic film cover on the flat ground）,the average increase of yield reached 14.74%～93.52%, indicating that film mulching could improve the economic efficiency of the production of Codonopsis pilosula. Meanwhile, there were significantly differences among A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5（CK） on root length, fresh weight and converted yield. Therefore, the most suitable cultivation methods for dryland cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula was A1（white plastic film cover on the ditch）.

关 键 词：干旱山区 党参 覆膜栽培 露头栽培 

分 类 号：S853.7[农业科学—临床兽医学]