美国退役坝拆除背景与原因剖析  

Anatomy of dam removal in the United States of America

作　　者：胡苏萍[1] 徐灿灿[1] 李弘[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2017年第1期43-49,共7页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51679151);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y915005)

摘　　要：为全面、客观反映美国退役坝拆除的真实情况,通过文献检索和专题调研,在综述美国退役坝拆除背景及现状的基础上,分析了美国拆坝的主要原因,即环境、安全和经济因素。案例研究表明,美国拆坝旨在消除老化坝的安全风险,恢复溯河性鱼类洄游以及节省无成本效益的开支。水坝退役是水坝生命周期管理中的一个重要阶段,拆坝并不意味着不能建坝,目前水电仍然是美国最大的可再生能源电力来源。美国在水坝退役方面的理念和经验可为我国水库降等与报废管理提供借鉴。In order to present the actual situation of dam removal in the United States of America（USA） comprehensively and objectively,a reference search and a special survey were carried out. Based on a review of the background and status of dam removal activities,the causes for dam removal in the United States were analyzed,namely environmental,safety, and economic factors. The cases study shows that dam removal in the USA aims to eliminate the safety risk of aging dams, restore anadromous fish migration,and save non-cost-effective expenditure. Dam decommissioning is an important stage in dam lifecycle management. Dam removal in the USA does not operate with the belief that dam construction is unnecessary. Currently, hydropower remains the largest renewable energy source in the USA. The concepts and experience of dam decommissioning in the USA can provide references for reservoir demotion and retirement management in China.

关 键 词：拆坝 退役坝 河流修复 案例研究 美国 

分 类 号：TV698.23[水利工程—水利水电工程]