不同播栽方式对水稻叶片光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of planting pattern on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice

作　　者：刘红江[1] 陈虞雯 张岳芳[1] 郭智[1] 孙国峰[1] 陈留根[1] 郑建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2016年第6期1206-1211,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B08);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(15)1004]

摘　　要：采用大田小区试验,以粳稻品种南粳5055为供试材料,设置水直播、旱直播、手栽秧、机插秧等4个处理,研究不同播栽方式对水稻叶片光合特性的影响及其与产量形成的关系。结果表明:(1)水稻抽穗期和抽穗后20 d叶片叶绿素含量均以手栽秧和机插秧较高,旱直播最低。其中,抽穗期旱直播水稻叶片叶绿素含量显著小于其他播栽方式水稻。(2)水稻抽穗期叶片光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率以手栽秧和机插秧较高,旱直播较低;抽穗后20 d不同播栽方式间叶片光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率差异相对较小。(3)水稻产量以手栽秧最高,旱直播最低,但手栽秧和机插秧差异不显著。直播稻特别是旱直播稻虽然穗数较多,但每穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均最低,因此其产量最低。而手栽秧稻虽然穗数较少,但每穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均最高,因此其产量最高。(4)水稻产量与抽穗后光合能力呈正相关关系,手栽秧和机插秧水稻抽穗后较高的光合能力是获得高产的主要原因。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of planting pattern on leaf photosynthetic character-istics of rice,and the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of rice. The japonica rice cul- tivar of nanjing 5055 was field-grown in field plot scale. Four planting pattern such as water direct-seeding,dry direct-see- ding, manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting were designed. The results showed that the chlorophyll content in the leaves of rice grown by manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting were higher at the heading stage and 20 d af-ter heading, and that of dry direct seeding were the lowest. The chlorophyll content in the leaves of rice of dry direct see-ding was significantly lower than those of other planting patterns. The photosynthetic rate, stoma conduction, intercellular Co2 concentration,transpiration rate of rice leaves werelower for dry direct seeding, but higher for manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting at heading stage. There were no significant differences of photosyn-thetic physiological indices of rice leaves in different plant-ing patterns at 20 d after heading. The yield of dry direct seeding rice was the lowest, that of manual transplanting rice was the highest, but there were no significant differences between manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting. In terms of the yield components of rice, in spite of the more effective panicle number, but the grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight were all lowest for direct seeding, especially in dry direct seeding, so its yield was the lowest. And regardless of the less effective panicle number, the grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight were all the highest for manual transplan-ting, so its yield was the highest. The photosynthetic physiological indices of rice at heading stage were positively correlated with the yield of rice. The higher photosynthetic physiol

关 键 词：播栽方式 水稻 叶片 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]