宪法个案解释基准的证成逻辑及其法律控制  

On the Justification Logic of the Interpretation Criterion of Individual Constitutional Cases and Its Legal Control

作　　者：汪进元[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2016年第6期55-72,共18页China Legal Science

摘　　要：何为宪法解释基准?广义上包括既定规范、技术规范和个案规范,狭义上就是个案规范。其中,个案规范潜藏于既定规范与案件事实之中,是解释者通过技术规范选择甚至续造的个案基准。在个案规范的证成中,案件事实给定了求证的起点和目标,既定规范预设了求证的方向和边界,技术规范指明了求证的路径与方法。宪法原则是一个多位阶、网状式的价值体系和规范体系,在逻辑推论中,上位原则涵摄下位原则、原则涵摄规则。权利(职权)关系的主体、行为和法益,是法律拟制事实与案件事实的基本元素,也是宪法规范涵摄法律规范和案件事实的桥梁和纽带。个案规范的选择和续造,解释者说了算。因此,提高宪法规范的可适用性、推进技术规范的法律化以及释宪程序的民主化等,是控制恣意释宪的主要途径。What is the criterion for the constitutional interpretation？ In the broad sense, this criterion includes established rules, technical rules and rules for individual cases, and in the narrow sense, the criterion refers to rules for individual cases. The rules for individual cases bided in established rules and the case facts are the criterion for individual cases created by interpreter by technical rules. In the justification of the rules for individual cases, the case facts provide the purpose of proving, and establish rules stipulate the direction and border of proving, while technical rules demonstrate the path and methods of proving. Constitutional principle is a multi-layered value system and normative system, in logical inference, superior principle comprises inferior principle. The subjects, behavior and legal interests of right relation are not only the basic elements of legal fiction facts and case facts, but also the bridge between the Constitution comprises laws and regulations and case facts. The interpreter shall determine the selection and establishment of rules for individual cases. Therefore, improving the application of constitutional provisions and promoting the legalization of technical rules and the democratization of the procedure of interpreting the Constitution are the major way of control interpreting the Constitution unscrupulously.

关 键 词：宪法解释 宪法个案基准 宪法审查 恣意释宪的控制 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]