关系主义的个体--城市老年人入住养老机构的个体化理论阐释  

Individuals of Relationalism—— Individualization Theory Explanation of Urban Elderly Living in Nursing Home

作　　者：张再云[1] ZHANG Zaiyun(School of Sociology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院,南京210023

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2016年第10期25-37,共13页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：武汉研究院项目“制度取向的城市养老机构评估体系研究”(项目编号20141203)阶段性成果

摘　　要：聚焦于城市老年人入住养老机构这一社会行为与"社会事实",在分析老年人入住机构直接原因的基础上,运用个体化理论对老年人何以入住养老机构进行了阐释。老年人入住机构的直接原因可划分为主动选择和被动调适两种类型。从个体化理论视角看,与其说入住养老机构是老年人及其家庭的一种选择,不如说是由就业市场、福利国家和机构所框限出来的无奈之举。家庭关系边界显现、家庭重心下移以及家本位和血脉延续信仰的责任伦理,造就了一种华人社会关系主义的个体。这种关系主义的个体既是寻求独立自主的个体,也是自我牺牲式的个体。关系主义个体带来家庭的个体化。照顾功能弱化是个体化家庭的主要特征,而社会福利制度和工业化、城市化中的组织发展及社会流动对家庭生活的宰制,是家庭照顾功能弱化的社会结构原因。家庭的重建是现代老年人福利制度建设的重要前提。Focusing on the social behavior and social fact of the elderly staying in nursing home, this paper analyzes the reason of the elderly staying in the institution, and explains the reason why the elderly stay in the elderly nursing home by the individualization theory. The direct reason of the elderly staying at institutions can be divided into two types, active choice and passive adjustment.From the perspective of individual theory, staying in pension institutions is the reluctant choice caused by the job market, welfare institutions more than choosing of elderly or their fhmilies. Family relations, the transferring of family focusing point and home-based and blood extension of the ethical responsibility of the faith, create the individual in Chinese social relationship. This self-corroborating individual is both an autonomous individual and a self-sacrificing individual. Relational individual brings the individualization of family. The weakening of the care function is the main characteristic of the individualized family. The organizational development of social welfare system, industrialization and urbanization, and social mobility are the social structure reasons of family care function weakened. The reconstruction of the family is an important prerequisite for the construction of the welfare system for the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 养老机构 个体化 关系主义个体 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]