不同发酵处理对玉米秸秆TMR的微生物组成及In vitro甲烷生成的影响  

Effects of Different Fermentation Treatments on Microbial Composition and in vitro Methane Production of Fermented TMR with Corn Straw

作　　者：韩雅慧[1] 蒋再慧 侯建军 唐德江[1] 韩华[1] 房家琛 曹阳[1] Han Yahui Jiang Zaihui Hou Jianjun Tang Dejiang Han Hua Fang Jiachen Cao Yang(College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Heilongjiang B ayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319 Heilongjiang Zhongsheng Husbandry Co.Ltd. Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Japan)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江中升牧业有限公司 [3]日本弘前大学农学生命科学部

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2016年第6期1-7,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD12B01);黑龙江省特派员计划(GC15B504)

摘　　要：采用单因素试验设计,试验处理分别为青贮玉米秸秆TMR(Total Mixed Rations)组、黄贮玉米秸秆TMR组及氨化玉米秸秆TMR组。通过实验室小规模发酵13个月后开封,对发酵饲料物理性状感官评定,对饲料中干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)等一般营养成分及总水分和p H值两项发酵指标测定,同时,结合饲料微生物计数来综合研究三种发酵处理对玉米秸秆TMR的微生物组成及化学成分的影响。结果表明,经青贮和黄贮这两种方式处理的玉米秸秆TMR具有较好的发酵品质;从饲料营养成分的角度来看,经氨化处理的玉米秸秆TMR显著的提高了(P<0.05)玉米秸秆中粗蛋白含量;微生物组成方面,大肠杆菌仅在青贮中检测到,数量为104(cfu·g^(-1)),耐热菌也仅在氨化饲料中出现,数量为103(cfu·g^(-1));三种处理样本中乳酸菌的数量均在104(cfu·g^(-1))以下,好氧菌的数量在106(cfu·g^(-1))以下,酪酸菌、酵母菌及霉菌均未发现。In vitro干物质消失率中,青贮秸秆TMR显著高于黄贮秸秆TMR,而甲烷生成量方面,青贮秸秆TMR显著低于黄贮秸秆TMR。A single factor experimental design was used in this study, the treatment included whole corn TMR （Total Mixed Rations） silage group,yellow corn straw TMR silage group and ammoniated corn straw TMR group.The silos were stored at room temperature for 13 months of fermentation by a small-scale fermentation system in lab,and microbial and chemical compositions analysis of corn straw TMR was determined by four standards （sensory evaluation,analysis of chemical compositions,indicators of fermentation, analysis of microbial compositions ）.The results showed that whole corn silage TMR and yellow corn silage TMR had high fermentation quality.The content of crude protein was significantly increased （P〈0.05） in ammoniated corn straw TMR.In the microbial composition, coliform bacteria was only detected in whole corn silage TMR and the number was 104 （cfu·g^-1）.Thermophilic bacteria was only appeared in ammoniated feed and the number was 103（cfu·g^-1）.The three samples had less than 104（cfu·g^-1） lactic acid bacteria and 106 （cfu·g^-1） aerobic bacteria.Clostridia,yeast and mold were not found.The in vitro DM digestibility and methane production of whole corn TMR silage was higher or lower than that of yellow corn straw TMR.

关 键 词：青贮 黄贮 氨化 发酵品质 甲烷 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]