聚合物纳米复合材料的界面特性  

Interface Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites

作　　者：何金良[1] 彭思敏[1] 周垚[1] 杨洋[1] 胡军[1] HE Jinliang PENG Simin ZHOU Yao YANG Yang HU Jun(State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment（Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University）, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]电力系统及发电设备控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学电机系),北京市海淀区100084

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2016年第24期6596-6605,共10页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2014CB239505)~~

摘　　要：我国高压直流输电技术的发展对电介质材料的绝缘性能提出了更高的要求,聚合物纳米电介质材料以其优异的性能而受到广泛的关注,其中的界面更成为研究热点。界面是纳米填料与聚合物基体之间的纳米级过渡区域,由于形成机理特殊,其具有不同于聚合物基体和纳米填料的独特性质。由于界面在复合材料中占有主导地位,其微观结构及性能将直接影响复合材料的宏观性能。该文综合国内外研究成果,介绍了界面的形成机理和结构模型,论述了界面区对聚合物聚集态结构的影响及陷阱理论,分析了界面在复合材料电学性能中的作用机理,最后探讨了利用静电力显微镜研究界面微区介电特性的技术方法。The development of HVDC transmission technology in China puts forward higher requests to the insulating properties of dielectric materials, polymer nanodielectric materials have drawn extensive attention for their excellent properties, and the interface has become a hot topic. The interface is the nanoscale transition region between nano-filler and polymer matrix, due to its special formation mechanism, the interface has different properties from the polymer matrix and nano-filler. Meanwhile, because the interface plays a leading role in the composite materials, its microstructure and properties will directly influence the macroscopic properties of the nanocomposite. This paper reviewed the introduced formation mechanism, structure and model of the interface, discussed its influence on aggregation structure of polymer and the trap theory and analyzed the mechanism of interface in the electrical properties of nanocomposites. Finally the study on local dielectric properties of the interface by using electrostatic force microscopy （EFM） was discussed.

关 键 词：纳米复合材料 界面 聚集态结构 陷阱效应 电荷输运 静电力显微镜 

分 类 号：TM215[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]