软控制启动核电站化容系统人因失误分析  

Human error analysis of starting CVCS in soft controls in nuclear power plants

作　　者：张宇欣 杨坤泽 宋梦楚 杨明[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学核科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]华师附中国际部,广东广州510630 [3]冈山大学自然科学与技术学院,日本冈山1080023

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2016年第12期1653-1657,1747,共6页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：中欧核能合作项目(J154213001)

摘　　要：先进主控制室采用基于计算机的软控制方式完成核电站的运行监视和控制,与传统模拟主控制室相比人机界面和人机交互发生显著变化。针对先进主控制室中新的人因失误模式可能造成的运行风险,本文以压水堆核电站正常冷停堆工况下启动统为例,对运行规程中所涉及的19个子任务、70个操作步骤进行了任务分析,识别了主控制室操纵员以软控制方式执行规程时可能发生的8种人因失误模式以及子任务之间的相关性,对子任务和总体任务的人因失误概率进行了定量分析,探讨了实施操作监督和人机界面改进对减少软控制人因失误的作用。研究结果表明:通过训练提高操纵员水平、针对复杂任务进行操作监督、引入替代运行规程并不断改进人机界面设计可有效降低软控制人因失误概率。Computer-based soft control has been applied in advanced main control rooms （MCRs） for supervision and control of nuclear power plants. Compared with traditional MCRs based on analog technologies, man-machine interfaces and interactions in advanced MCRs have been significantly changed. In this study, taking the chemical and volume con-trol system （CVCS） in a pressurized water reactor as an example, the tasks of operating procedures involving 19 subtasks and 70 steps for starting the CVCS under a normal shutdown operation condition are firstly analyzed. Furthermore, eight potential failure modes are identified when the operators executed each step of the operating procedures. The correlations between subtasks are also analyzed. Case studies are conducted for quantitatively estimating the human error probability of each subtask and the task as a whole. Finally, the effects of supervising soft control and improving man-machine inter-face on the reduction of human errors are discussed.The research results show that the human error probability could be reduced significantly by the means of improving the operator′s skill, introducing the substitution operating procedures,conducting supervision on each complex task and continuously improving the human machine interface.

关 键 词：软控制 人因失误分析 先进主控制室 核电站 应急操作规程 

分 类 号：TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用]