早期纪年金铜观世音造像类型研究  

Genres Study of Gilding Bronze Guanyin Bodhisattva Statues in Early Periods of Christian Age

作　　者：何志国[1] He Zhiguo

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学艺术研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《艺术探索》2016年第6期70-84,共15页Arts Exploration

基　　金：上海市教委2012年度科研创新重点项目"早期金铜佛像研究"(12ZS037)

摘　　要：早期纪年金铜观世音像大约从5世纪70年代兴起，以莲花手观世音造像为代表（A、B、C三型）；6世纪初，模仿佛陀施无畏和与愿印说法形象的观世音造型开始出现（D、E、F三型）；到北魏晚期（507～534年），说法的观世音形象的类型和数量超过莲花手观世音像；到北周、北齐时期（551～580年），说法印观世音像取代了莲花手观世音像，并且开始出现、流行以观世音为主尊，两侧胁侍菩萨夹侍一铺三尊，甚至一铺多尊的观世音造像（观世音三尊A、B两型）。姚秦鸠摩罗什译《观世音菩萨普门品》“观世音菩萨即现佛身而为说法”，“以种种形游诸国土度脱众生”，“于怖畏急难之中能施无畏，是故此婆娑世界皆号之为施无畏者”等记载，为观世音形象由5世纪后半流行莲花手，到6世纪变化为施无畏印和与愿印的佛典依据。6世纪不少民众把观世音视为佛，是金铜观世音像施无畏和与愿印流行的现实原因.Gilding bronze Guanyin bodhisattva statues in the early periods of Christian age rose in around the 470s, with Padmapani statues as the prevailing model （type A, B,C）. In early 6th century, preaching-positioned and giving-positioned Guanyin bodhisattva statues modeled on Buddha were created （type D,E,F）. In late Northern Wei Dynasty （ 507-534）, preaching-positioned Guanyin bodhisattva statues outnumbered Padmapani statues in various types. By Northern Zhou and Northern Qi period （551-580）, preaching-positioned Guanyin bodhisattva statues became dominant, with two or more statues besides the main in the middle. （ three-piece Guanyin bodhisattva statues, type A and B）. The statues originated on the Buddhism scripture translated by Kumarajiva. The fact that people considered Guanyin bod- hisattva as Buddha underlined the popularity of gilding bronze Guanyin bodhisattva statues at that time.

关 键 词：5—6世纪 纪年金铜观世音造像 类型 分期 特点 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]