国内外药品短缺问题研究进展  

Review of Drug Shortages in China and Other Countries

作　　者：蔡文芳[1,2] 杨才君[1,2] 沈倩[1,2] 朱稳稳 武丽娜[1,2] 李宗杰[1,2] 方宇[1,2] Cai Wenfang Yang Caijun Shen Qian Zhu Wenwen Wu Lina Li Zongjie Fang Yu(The Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi＇an Jiaotong University, Xi＇an 710061, China The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi＇an 710061, China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学药学院药事管理与临床药学系,西安710061 [2]西安交通大学药品安全与政策研究中心,西安710061

出　　处：《中国药事》2016年第12期1190-1199,共10页Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号71473192;编号71503197);美国中华医学基金会OC公开竞标项目(编号14-196);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(编号sk2014041)

摘　　要：目的:总结国内外药品短缺现状、原因、影响及对策,为预防和解决药品短缺问题提供参考。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、Pub Med数据库,设置检索年份截至2015年12月。2名研究者根据文献纳入排除原则独立筛选文献,提取药品短缺现状、原因、影响和策略等相关信息。结果:共纳入11个国家的91篇药品短缺相关文献,各国药品短缺现状、原因、影响、干预策略不尽相同,短缺评价指标不够完善,国际合作研究较少。各国短缺形势严重;共同的原因为药品利润较低和生产问题;药物短缺的影响主要是增加卫生系统的成本,降低患者疗效;现有策略主要包括:增加各个利益相关者沟通,建立药品短缺检测系统,使用替代药物治疗或改变治疗方案,合理分配药物的使用,从其他国家进口药物。结论:目前国内外药品短缺形势严峻,相关研究有待加强。建议设置药品短缺相关机构部门,加强药品供应监测;健全药品短缺相关政策,保证低价药、易短缺药品的供应。Objective： To analyze the situation, causes, influences, solutions of drug shortages in China and other countries in order to provide strategies to solve the problem of drug shortages in China. Methods： Studies related to drug shortages were collected in CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP and Pub Med databases. The retrieve time was before December 31, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted the information about the situation, causes, influences and strategies of drug shortage. Results： A total of 91 studies were finally included in this review. The drug shortage status, causes, effects and intervention strategies are different in different countries. The evaluation indicators are not perfect, and the international cooperative research is less. The situation of drug shortages is serious, and the common reasons are low profit and production problems. Increasing the cost of health system and reducing the effectiveness of treatment are the main influences of drug shortages. The strategies in the literatures to deal with drug shortageissues include strengthening the communication among different stakeholders, establishing monitoring system for drug shortage, using alternative medication or therapeutic schedule, allocating drugs rationally, importing drugs from other countries and so on. Conclusion： It is strongly suggested that related department to deal with drug shortages be established, the monitoring of drug supply be strengthened, policies related with drug shortages be improved and supply of cheap medicines be guaranteed.

关 键 词：药品短缺 现状分析 原因分析 影响评估 干预策略 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]