人工关节置换要重视患者的术后感受与功能康复  

Highlights of hip and knee arthroplasty:feelings of postoperative patients and functional rehabilitation

作　　者：朱庆生[1] 曹晓瑞[1] 闫昭[1] 王刚[1] ZHU Qing-sheng CAO Xiao-rui YAN Zhao WANG Gang.(Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, the fourth Military Medical University, Xi ＇an, Shanxi 710032, PRC)

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学西京医院骨科,西安710032

出　　处：《中国骨与关节杂志》2016年第12期881-884,共4页Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint

摘　　要：近年来,人工关节置换在我国得到了广泛地开展和普及,据不完全统计去年我国的髋、膝关节置换达到近40万例,我国关节外科事业得到了长足的发展,很多关节病患者得到了及时治疗,生活质量得到大幅度改善和提高。由于我国关节置换外科开展较晚,各级医院和从事关节外科置换的医生水平参差不齐,因此部分患者的临床结果不如预期。且近些年来人工关节置换领域新技术、新材料、新方法、新设计不断涌现,Minimally invasive approach for primary total hip arthroplasty（ THA）, including direct anterior approach（ DAA） and Super-Path approach, has become popular with orthopaedic community. Theoretically there is no damage to the muscles through anterior intermuscular space approach. The main advantages are minimally invasive procedures, avoidance of the risk of hip dislocation via the posterior approach and acceleration of the course of convalescence. The precision of techniques in primary total knee arthroplasty（ TKA） has been focused on by scholars. In order to improve the accuracy of operation and clinical outcomes, new navigation technology and computer-assisted TKA have been implemented. Bone stock reconstruction in THA and TKA revision surgery is one of the biggest challenges for surgeons. Femoral and acetabular prostheses are usually uncemented in THA revision surgery. Currently, with the development of materialogy, the problem of serious bone loss in THA and TKA revision surgery has been solved with the appearance of acetabular prostheses made of porous materials（ also called coating technology of the 2nd generation） and metal blocks. As for the reconstruction of ligament imbalance, semiconstrained prostheses or fully constrained prostheses can be chosen. If fully constrained prostheses are used, the prostheses designed on the rotation platform are preferred. To acquire satisfactory clinical outcomes in hip and knee arthroplasty, the surgeons should pay attention to not only surgical results, but also feelings of postoperative patients and functional rehabilitation.

关 键 词：关节成形术 置换 髋 髋关节 关节成形术 置换 膝 人工膝关节 人工关节 

分 类 号：R687.4[医药卫生—骨科学]