膝交叉韧带中机械感受器的研究进展  

Progress in studies on the mechanoreceptors in the cruciate ligament

作　　者：党保平 闫金洪[1] 韩一生[1] DANG Bao-ping YAN Jin-hong HAN Yi-sheng.(Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, the fourth Military Medical University, X＇ian, Shanxi, 710032, PRC)

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学西京医院骨科,西安710032

出　　处：《中国骨与关节杂志》2016年第12期930-934,共5页Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint

摘　　要：膝关节交叉韧带是维持膝关节稳定的重要结构,具有两种重要功能：生物力学功能和本体感觉功能。生物力学功能主要是指交叉韧带防止膝关节在运动过程中胫骨过度向前或向后移位。本体感觉功能是指膝关节对空间运动和位置感知的一种能力,主要通过位于韧带、关节囊,肌肉和皮肤等处的机械感受器来感知[1]。Cruciate ligament of the knee lies between tibia intercondylar eminence and femoral condyle nest, presents hinged appearance and has both the function of biomechanics and proprioception, which is processed using mechanoreceptors in the tibial and femoral ligament attachment point. Mechanoreceptors could be divided into 4 groups： Ruffini ending, Pacinian body, Golgi tendon ending, and free nerve ending. The amount of mechanoreceptors of the cruciate ligament after acute injury will change in line with the duration of injury： the longer the time lasts, the less the receptors will be. But some hold the opposite view and consider that the receptors do not have evident atrophy and decline. Due to inflammation in the progression of osteoarthritis, cruciate ligament will gradually degenerate, and knee proprioception will abate as well. However, whether the amount of mechanoreceptors are associated with osteoarthritis progression and severity of the situation is not clear. The number of the damaged cruciate ligament mechanoreceptors and proprioception can recover partly after transplantation and repair, but not fully recover. Therefore, whether separated and cultured cells in vitro can be used in tissue engineering for ligament transplantation and repair, and improve proprioception, is what we need to pay attention to in the future, in order to provide more therapeutic measures for the clinic.

关 键 词：前交叉韧带 后交叉韧带 机械感受器 骨关节炎 膝 本体感觉 

分 类 号：R686.5[医药卫生—骨科学]