澳大利亚生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享法制现状、案例与启示  

Currently Situation,Some Cases and Implications of the Legislation on Access and Benefit-sharing to Biological Genetic Resource in Australia

作　　者：李一丁[1] 武建勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2017年第1期24-29,共6页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：西藏阿里地区获取和惠益分享能力建设提升问题研究;生物多样性保护专项

摘　　要：澳大利亚地处大洋洲,是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,是《生物多样性公约》、《粮食与农业植物遗传资源国际条约》、《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》的缔约国。澳大利亚1999年颁布了《环境保护与生物多样性保护法》,2002年制定了《环境与生物多样性保护规则》,同时昆士兰州和北部领地分别于2004年和2006年率先创设了《昆士兰州生物开发法案》和《北部领地生物资源法案》。本文对澳大利亚国家和地方关于遗传资源获取与惠益分享立法中遗传资源的获取、管制、惠益分享等内容的规定进行了详细研究整理,并收集整理了澳大利亚生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享案例,深入分析了澳大利亚立法实践效果,为中国生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享国家立法提供经验参考。Australia is one of the most abundant in biodiversity country of the global which located in Oceanian and became a signatory coun- try of the Convention on Biodiversity, International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. This country stipulated the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act （EPBC）, 1999 and Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations, 2002. Queensland and the North Territory passed the Bio-discovery Act in 2004 and Biological Resource Act in 2006 separately. This paper firstly focus on current situation, characteristic of the legislation on ac- cess and benefit-sharing to biological resource in the commonwealth and local place in Australia and then collected and analyzed the typical case of access and benefit-sharing in this country that could bring some experience to China in this field. The conclusion of this paper is that China should stipulated the specific legislation on access and benefit-sharing to biological genetic resource as like the Environmental Protec- tion and Biadiversity Conservation Act（EPBC ）, 1999 and establish the rule of procedure related to the access and benefit-sharing as like the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations, 2002, Bio-discovery Act in 2004, Queensland and the Biological Resource Act in 2006, the North Territory.

关 键 词：澳大利亚 遗传资源 获取与惠益分享 《生物多样性公约》 《名古屋议定书》 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]