中国两系法杂交水稻研究进展和展望  

The research progress and prospects of two-line hybrid rice in China

作　　者：牟同敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第35期3761-3769,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2014AA10A604)资助

摘　　要：基于水稻光温敏核不育系的发现而建立起来的两系法杂交水稻技术是继三系法杂交水稻成功以后又一个水稻杂种优势利用的有效途径.水稻光温敏核不育系的雄性育性转换是受到幼穗分化期环境光温调控的孢子体阴性核基因控制的.用于水稻杂种优势利用的有利条件是,配组自由容易选配到强优势组合,育种程序简化、育种周期缩短、可以快速育成新的杂交水稻新品种,不育系类型丰富易于培育多样化的杂交水稻类型.本文对水稻光温敏核不育系的资源、育性转换特性、遗传、分子生物学研究进展,以及不育系和组合培育、制种技术、推广等进行了综述,并对进一步发展两系杂交水稻提出了展望,以期为水稻光温敏核不育系和两系法杂交水稻的研究以及其他作物的两系法杂种优势利用提供参考.Two-line hybrid rice is new technology for exploiting rice heterosis established based on the discoveries of photothermo-sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） rice in China. The male fertility alteration of PTGMS line was controlled by recessive nuclear genes in sporophyte and induced by day-length and temperature during young panicle differentiation stage. Compared with three-line hybrid rice technology, it has three advantages：（1） The sterility is controlled by recessive nuclear genes. Any genotype with good combining ability can be used as a male parent. The frequency of obtaining heterotic hybrids in testcrosses is higher than in three-line system.（2） It simplifies the process of hybrid breeding program and shortens the breeding period for rapidly developing new hybrid rice.（3） It provides more kinds of sterile lines for diversifying hybrid rice. More than 300 PTGMS lines and over 900 two-line hybrid rice hybrids were developed and certificated in past three decades, and released in twenty provinces of China. The area covered under two-line hybrid rice was 5.5 million hectares yearly on the average, occupying 35% of total area of hybrid rice planting. Developing PTGMS lines with resistances to multiple-diseases and insect pests, short growth duration and lodging tolerance, exploiting indica-japonica heterosis for increasing yield, and ensuring safe and stable two-line hybrid rice seed production, will be the tasks for further maintaining and expanding two-line hybrid rice in future.

关 键 词：水稻 光温敏核不育系 育性转换特性 基因定位与克隆 两系法杂交水稻 组合选育 制种技术 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]