超级杂交稻研究进展  

Progress of super hybrid rice research in China

作　　者：吴俊[1] 邓启云[1] 袁定阳[1] 齐绍武[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南杂交水稻研究中心杂交水稻国家重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第35期3787-3796,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：1996年农业部正式立项中国超级稻育种计划,以期为满足我国日益增长的粮食需求目标服务.其中,一季中稻相继设置了4期产量目标:10.5,12.0,13.5和15.0 t/hm^2.1997年,袁隆平提出"形态改良与杂种优势利用相结合"的杂交水稻超高产育种技术路线,成为中国超级杂交稻育种的灵魂思想.在该技术路线指引下,各个时期的超级杂交稻育种目标陆续实现.其中,先锋品种两优培九于2000年实现第1期超级杂交稻产量目标,累计推广超过700万公顷;第2期超级杂交稻产量目标于2004年实现,其代表品种Y两优1号自2010年以来即成为我国年推广面积最大的杂交水稻品种,累计推广已达400万公顷;2011年,Y两优2号百亩连片平均亩产达926.6 kg(13.9 t/hm^2),实现了第3期超级杂交稻单产13.5 t/hm^2的目标;2014年,第4期超级杂交稻代表品种Y两优900创造百亩连片平均亩产1026.7 kg(15.4 t/hm^2)的高产新纪录,两倍于中国水稻的平均产量.迄今为止,国家农业部已认定了125个超级稻品种,累计推广面积达7000万公顷.然而,随着人口不断增加、耕地面积显著减少以及环境的持续恶化,进一步提高水稻产量潜力以及在不同生态环境下的多抗性和适应性仍然是超级杂交稻育种的主要挑战.我们认为,形态改良与杂种优势利用相结合并辅以分子设计育种技术,将是下一阶段超级杂交稻育种寻求突破的最有效途径.To meet the growing food demands in China, a program of super rice breeding was set up by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in 1996. The goals of this program is to achieve rice yield targets to 10.5, 12.0, 13.5, and 15.0 t/ha in single season rice growing area through four research phases. A proposed model of combining morphological improvement with the utilization of inter-subspecific（indica/japonica） heterosis, by Prof. Yuan Long Ping in 1997, played a leading contribution for the program of super hybrid rice breeding. Until now, all yield targets of four phases have been achieved. The pioneer super hybrid rice variety, Liangyoupeijiu, met the Phase I yield target in 2000. The Phase II super hybrids were successfully developed in 2004. Y Liangyou No.1（YLY1）, the typical Phase II super hybrid rice variety, has a largest annual planting area among all hybrid rice varieties in China since 2010 and has been extended to more than 4 million hectare so far. Y Liangyou No.2（YLY2） met the standard of phase III super rice with a yield record of 926.6 kg/mu（13.9 t/ha） in 2011. The breeding target of Phase IV super hybrid was achieved in 2014. The new variety, Y Liangyou 900（YLY900）, created a new yield record of 15.4 t/ha, which doubled the average rice yield in China. Up to now, 125 super rice varieties have been certificated by the Ministry of Agriculture with a total planting area of approximate 80 million hectare in China. However, how to further break the yield ceiling and realize the yield potential of elite varieties in diverse range of target environments remains to be the major challenges for super hybrid rice breeding. Herein, we proposed that utilization of ideotype and inter-subspecific heterosis, assisted with molecular design breeding, is still being the vital way to increase yield ceiling.

关 键 词：超级杂交稻 形态改良 杂种优势 育种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]