水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育的发现利用与分子机理  

Discovery, utilization and molecular mechanisms of CMS-WA in rice

作　　者：陈乐天[1,2] 刘耀光[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学生命科学学院广东省农业生物蛋白质功能与调控重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第35期3804-3812,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划(2016YFD0100804;2016YFD0100903);国家自然科学基金(31471564;31230052)资助

摘　　要：野败型细胞质雄性不育(CMS-WA)野生稻的发现和研究利用是实现杂交水稻"三系"配套育种和杂种优势利用的关键,也是人类挖掘和利用野生物种资源服务于农业生产的成功典范,对粮食安全发挥了重要的作用.本文回顾了野败型细胞质雄性不育野生稻的发现以及遗传育种研究和利用的历程,重点介绍野败型细胞质雄性不育性及其恢复性的分子机理和起源进化研究的最新进展.1970年,袁隆平团队在海南发现了细胞质雄性不育野生稻.随后我国许多遗传育种学家利用该材料为不育细胞质供体,于20世纪70年代初育成了野败型细胞质雄性不育系,完成了基于"三系"配套的杂交稻育种体系,实现了杂交稻大规模商业化应用,获得了显著的增产效果.经过长期的研究,我国科学家成功克隆了野败型细胞质雄性不育基因WA352和恢复基因Rf4,阐明了WA352复杂的起源进化机制.研究揭示了WA352蛋白通过与核基因表达的线粒体定位蛋白COX11相互作用,诱导花药绒毡层异常降解和花粉不育,RF4通过降低WA352转录本水平恢复育性,阐明了植物CMS/Rf系统不同层次的核质互作控制雄性不育发生和育性恢复的分子作用机理.本文还探讨了今后杂交稻育种发展的重点和方向.The discovery and exploitation of the Wild Abortive type cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS-WA） is a key issue in hybrid rice breeding for utilization of heterosis, which is the best successful case for exploitation of wild plant resources in agriculture. In this review, we traced the history of discovery and research of CMS-WA, and introduced the latest progresses on study of the molecular basis of CMS-WA and its restoration as well as the evolution of the related genes. The Chinese scientist Yuan Long Ping pioneered the study of male sterility in rice since 1964. In 1970 s, Yuan’s group discovered a male sterile wild rice（Oryza rufipogon Griff.） plant in Hainan Island of China, and designated this material as ＂Wild Abortive（WA）＂. Genetic study showed that this male sterility is conferred by the cytoplasm, thus is called CMS-WA. Chinese breeders made great efforts to breed CMS lines by introgression of the CMS-WA cytoplasm into a number of rice cultivars via backcrossing. Accordingly, related maintainer lines and restorer lines were bred to successfully develop the ＂three-line＂ system for hybrid rice production. The commercial hybrid rice was released in 1976 in China, and has occupied about 50% of the total rice planting area since the late 1980 s, which increased grain yield by 20%–30%. In recent years, scientists have made great progress on the molecular studies of CMS-WA and its restoration, and the evolution of the genes for this system. As representative in this field, LIU Yao Guang’s group isolated the CMS-WA gene WA352 from the mitochondrial genome, which is a new gene consisting of multiple mitochondrial genomic segments of unknown function. WA352 is expressed constitutively into three transcripts, but the WA352 protein accumulates specifically in the anther tapetal cells at the microspore mother cell stage, and interacts directly with a nucleus-encoded protein COX11, which is the assembly factor for cytochrome c oxidase and also has a role in scavenge of reactive oxygen species（

关 键 词：杂交水稻 杂种优势 细胞质雄性不育 野败型 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]